<p>The Stabler-Leadbeater Apothecary Shop/Museum is a historic apothecary&#39;s shop in Alexandria, Virginia, that has been preserved as a museum. During its working life, it was owned by generations of a Quaker family. Eventually, a dramatic decline in sales during the Great Depression forced the shop to close its doors. Almost immediately, in 1939, it was reopened as a museum. Today, most of the artifacts inside the shop are authentic and date to its closing. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2021.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Edward Stabler came to Alexandria after apprenticing in the apothecary business with his brother in Leesburg, Virginia. A devout Quaker and savvy businessman, he rented space in 1792 at the corner of King and S. Fairfax to start his business and by 1796, he began renting 107 S. Fairfax. Nine years later, he took ownership of the building and turned it into a bustling apothecary business. By 1829, he had purchased 105 S. Fairfax and incorporated the building into his operation.</p><br>
<p>Edward Stabler sold to a variety of city and country residents – from Martha Washington to Robert E. Lee, the local doctor to the local farmer. The typical products Stabler sold included medicine, farm and garden equipment, surgical instruments, dental equipment, soap, perfume, Buffalo and Bedford mineral water, cigars, window glass, paint and varnish, artists&#39; supplies, combs and brushes. Much of the medicine he sold was created on-site, using plant and herb materials.</p><br>
<p>By 1806, Stabler began traveling extensively to Quaker church meetings throughout the region, leaving oldest son William to run the business in his absence. After his fathers death in 1831, the business passed to William. Keeping with the family-run tradition, William brought several of his brothers and also his brother-in-law, John Leadbeater, into the business between 1832 and his death in 1852. John Leadbeater, a trained apothecary and dentist, purchased the business from Williams wife, as the couple had no children, and changed the name of the business from William Stabler and Co. to John Leadbeater.</p><br>
<p>Once the Civil War erupted, Alexandria was quickly occupied by Union troops – a fact noted in the Leadbeater business daybook. After the First Battle of Manassas, Union troops poured into Alexandria and the Apothecarys books reported that many soldiers stood in line to buy "Hot Drops", a cough expectorant containing paprika and alcohol. The drops sold for a cent each and sold over $1,000 in one day!</p><br>
<p>In 1865, the business was operated by John&#39;s son Edward and soon supplied to nearly 500 pharmacies throughout the Washington DC area. At its peak, the Leadbeaters employed 12 salesmen throughout Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina to promote their wholesale and mail order businesses. The company operated in 11 buildings in Alexandria, including the two main buildings on Fairfax Street, offices on King Street, warehouses on Lee and Prince Streets, and an office in Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>By the turn of the century however, the family business was beginning to feel the effects of the growing commercial pharmacies and synthetic drug companies, as well as the downturn in the economy, and the business declared bankruptcy in 1933, just days before the death of its owner, Edward S. Leadbeater, Jr.</p><br>
<p>Spurred into action to save the historic collection for future generations, a plan was crafted by concerned Alexandria citizens and the American Pharmaceutical Association to purchase the collection and archives with private buyers. The majority of the contents and archives were purchased at auction on July 19, 1933, by L. Manuel Hendler, a Baltimore ice cream merchant with an affinity for the history of pharmacy. The following year, the newly formed Landmarks Society of Alexandria purchased the buildings at auction. Hendler then donated the contents and archives to the Landmarks Society.</p><br>
<p>With the buildings and collection secured, the structures were conjecturally returned to their 18th-century appearance by noted restoration architect, Thomas Tileston Waterman. The museum was officially re-opened in 1939, free of charge thanks to the financial support of the American Pharmaceutical Association. After an extensive renovation adding a fire suppression system, and re-stabilizing the structure, the Landmarks Society donated the museum and its important contents to the City of Alexandria in November 2006.</p><br>
<h3>Edward Stabler</h3><br>
<p>Edward Stabler, apothecary, founded the shop in 1792 at the corner of King and Fairfax Streets. In 1796, he moved his operation to 107 S. Fairfax. Edward&#39;s son, William Stabler, took over the management of the shop in 1819. Stabler was a known anti-slavery proponent and often used his own money to buy slaves to free them.</p><br>
<h3>William Stabler</h3><br>
<p>William Stabler inherited the business upon the death of Edward in 1831.</p><br>
<h3>John Leadbeater</h3><br>
<p>John Leadbeater, William Stablers brother-in-law, took over the business in 1852 upon the death of Stabler. There is a legend that Robert E. Lee was in the store when he received the orders to put down John Browns raid in 1859. This is unlikely, though the owner of the pharmacy allowed a commemorative plaque to be installed in 1932 by the Sons of the Confederacy.</p><br>
<h3>E.S. Leadbeater</h3><br>
<p>Johns son Edward took over the shop when John died in 1860. The Union-supporting family nearly lost the enterprise to the Confederates. Shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run, exhausted Union soldiers sought comfort from the stores merchandise.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, the drug store&#39;s business was good. Deliveries were made to several states, and there was a lucrative wholesale business.</p><br>
<h3>Preservation</h3><br>
<p>The tough times of the Great Depression put the Leadbeater Drug Co., then one of the oldest pharmacies in the United States, out of business, but the Alexandria locals, and Manuel Hendler of Baltimore, recognized the history of the establishment and purchased it at the foreclosure auction. It reopened as a museum in 1939, owned and operated by the Landmarks Society, the organization founded to run the museum. In 2004, the museum was closed for renovations. When it was reopened in 2006, it was donated to the City of Alexandria.</p><br>
<h2>Current museum</h2><br>
<p>The museum displays thousands of artifacts, precisely on the shelves where they were when the store closed. The store also still features antebellum gothic revival furnishing. After an in-depth restoration in 2006 by The City of Alexandria, the second floor is now included on tours of the museum. The second floor contains a former warehouse room currently used for events, and a manufacturing room, where medicines were made for retail and wholesale. Like the historic retail space on the main floor of the museum, the manufacturing room is practically untouched since 1933.</p><br>
<p>The museum offers daily tours for individuals and families, and group tours by appointment. Tours are not free, due to ongoing costs associated with maintaining and operating the museum. The museum&#39;s hours vary depending on the season, closing on Monday and Tuesday during the winter. The museum also runs various programs for the community. There is a Girl Scout workshop, various discussions on old medicine, and themed birthday parties available.</p><br>
<h2>Famous customers</h2><br>
<p>Elisha C. Dick, George Washingtons doctor, during Washingtons terminal illness</p><br>
<p>Martha Washington (1802)</p><br>
<p>James Monroe</p><br>
<p>Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis</p><br>
<p>Robert E. Lee (bought paint for the Arlington House)</p><br>
<p>Scottish Rite Temple, also known as The Temple Downtown, is a historic former masonic building in Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was built to serve as the meeting place for the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry. The building was designed by George Bigelow Rogers, a local Mobile architect who was responsible for designing many of the city&#39;s buildings during this period. The cornerstone was laid on November 30, 1921, with the building completed in 1922. It is the only intact example of the Egyptian Revival style in Mobile. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 5, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Scottish Rite Temple was inspired by Ancient Egyptian architectural forms, although combined in a unique way. The building facades on the east and north sides are in the form of Egyptian pylons. An ancient Egyptian pylon was made up of two battered (tapered) monumental towers, each topped by a cornice, and joined together by a less elevated section containing a central gateway leading into a temple. A battered wall is wider at the base than it is at the top, with an upwardly receding slope. The south facade of the Scottish Rite Temple abuts the adjacent property. It and the rear facade are plain masonry and are not battered. The two entrance doorways, on the elaborate east and north facades, were inspired by the Bab el’Adb Gate, also known as the Gateway of Ptolemy III and Ptolemy IV, at the Karnak Temple Complex. The east entrance is flanked by a pair of sphinxes by the sculptor Allen W. Barr. The roof is surmounted by two protruding obelisks that originally functioned as chimneys.</p><br>
<p>The Playmakers Theatre, originally Smith Hall, is a historic academic building on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Built in 1850, it was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architecture, as an important example of Greek Revival architecture by Alexander Jackson Davis. It is now a secondary venue of the performing company, which is principally located at the Paul Green Theatre in the Joan H. Gillings Center for Dramatic Art.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Historic Playmakers Theatre building is located in the northern portion of the UNC campus, on the south side of East Cameron Avenue next to the College of Arts and Sciences, and across Cameron from Old East, also a National Historic Landmark. The building has the form of a Greek temple, built out brick with a stuccoed exterior. At its eastern end is a gabled portico, supported by fluted columns that have Corinthian capitals modified to include ears of corn and leaves of tobacco, two important North Carolina crops. The gable is fully pedimented, with modillioned eave and rake edge. The walls of the building have pilastered bays, the pilasters supporting a simple entablature.</p><br>
<p>Smith Hall was built in 1850, as part of a campus improvement plan begun in the 1830s. Andrew Jackson Davis had been retained to oversee alterations to Old East and Old West, and develop an overall plan for the campus. Its original purposes was as a social venue. After also being used as a laboratory, bath house, and law school, it became a theater in 1923. The Theatre is the perpetual home of the Carolina Playmakers, although as their successor, the Playmakers Repertory Company uses the Paul Green Theatre in the Joan H. Gillings Center for Dramatic Art as their primary venue.</p><br>
<p>Crater Lake Lodge is a hotel built in 1915 to provide overnight accommodations for visitors to Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, US. The lodge is located on the southwest rim of the Crater Lake caldera overlooking the lake 1,000 ft below. The lodge is owned by the National Park Service, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As of 2024, the hotel is a Historic Hotels of America program member, and has been so since 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Local history</h2><br>
<p>Crater Lake lies inside a caldera created 7,700 years ago when the 12,000 ft-high Mount Mazama collapsed following a large volcanic eruption. Over the following millennium, the caldera was filled with rain water forming today&#39;s lake. The Klamath Indians revered Crater Lake for its deep blue waters. In 1853, three gold miners found the lake. They named it Deep Blue Lake, but because the lake was so high in the Cascade Range the discovery was soon forgotten.</p><br>
<p>In 1886, Captain Clarence Dutton led a United States Geological Survey party to Crater Lake. Duttons team carried a half-ton survey boat, the Cleetwood, up the steep mountain slope and lowered it 2,000 ft into the lake. From the Cleetwood, Dutton used piano wire to measure the depth of the lake at 168 different points. The survey team determined the lake was 1,996 ft deep. This is surprisingly close to the modern sonar-based readings made in 1959 that established the lakes deepest point at 1,932 ft.</p><br>
<p>William Gladstone Steel accompanied the Dutton party in 1886. He named many of the lakes landmarks including Wizard Island, Llao Rock, and Skell Head, and participated in lake surveys that provided scientific evidence of the lakes uniqueness. After he returned, Steel began advocating that Crater Lake be established as a national park. On 22 May 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed a bill making Crater Lake the United States&#39; sixth national park. The idea of building a guest lodge at Crater Lake was first raised by Steel shortly after the park was established.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>In 1909, Steel finally convinced a Portland developer, Alfred Parkhurst, to build a lodge on the rim above Crater Lake. The average winter snowfall at Crater Lake is 533 in.</p><br>
<h2>Early development</h2><br>
<p>When Crater Lake Lodge opened in 1915, it drew many visitors despite the lack of amenities. The views of Crater Lake and the surrounding peaks of the Cascade Mountains kept a steady flow of visitor coming to the lodge.</p><br>
<p>In 1922, a two-year facility upgrade project was begun. The project doubled the number of guest rooms, and added private bathrooms in the lodge&#39;s new wing. However, lack of money left many of the new rooms unfinished. The number of visitors to the park decreased during the Great Depression, and the lodge suffered financially from the decline in visitation. As a result, very little was spent on facility maintenance. However, the guest rooms on the second and third floors were finished in the mid-1930s.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, cars had destroyed most of the vegetation around the lodge. During the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps built Rim Village adjacent to the lodge. Their work included landscaping around the lodge, something the privately operated lodge could not afford to do on its own. The new landscape included hundreds of indigenous trees and shrubs that helped blend the lodge structure into its surroundings environment. In addition, the National Park Service paved the lodge parking areas and adjacent walkways. This significantly reduced the dust and erosion problems around the building.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, both Crater Lake National Park and the Crater Lake Lodge were closed to the public. After the war, park visitation increased dramatically and the lodge benefited from the increase in tourism. The National Park Service continually pushed the lodge operator to upgrade the facility, but little was done to maintain the structure beyond basic utilities maintenance and required fire safety measures. Eventually, cables had to be stretched between the north and south walls to keep them from bowing.</p><br>
<h2>National Park Service ownership</h2><br>
<p>In 1967, the National Park Service acquired the Crater Lake Lodge. The lodge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The lodge was documented in 1981 by the Historic American Buildings Survey, which produced a set of measured drawings. However, the building continued to deteriorate due to lack of funds. Despite being listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service felt restoring the old building was too costly so it was scheduled to be demolished. The decision was later reversed due to public opposition. In 1988, the National Park Service approved a plan to rebuild the lodge as part of the comprehensive Rim Village redevelopment program.</p><br>
<p>In the spring of 1989, just before the lodge was to open for its summer season, structural engineers advised the National Park Service that the Great Hall was unsafe. It was so unstable they feared it might collapse from its own weight, bringing down the rest of the lodge with it. This forced the National Park Service to close the lodge pending renovation. After two years of planning, construction began in 1991. Some original materials were salvaged for reuse, but most of the original building had deteriorated to the point it could not be saved or reused. However, the Great Hall was carefully dismantled. The rest of the building was gutted and a steel support structure, modern utilities and fire suppression system were installed, and guest rooms were upgraded to modern hotel standards. The renovation was completed in the fall of 1994 at a cost of $15 million (equivalent to $ million in ). On May 20, 1995, Crater Lake Lodge reopened to the public.</p><br>
<p>As of 2007, according to the operator the Great Hall had been completely restored, and the lodge&#39;s dining room overlooking the lake was in operation. An exhibit room just off the lobby provided information about the history of the lodge, Crater Lake, and the park. The lodge then had 71 rooms.</p><br>
<p>It was operated by Xanterra Parks and Resorts (formerly Amfac Resorts) from 2002 to 2018. Aramark took over operations in 2018.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 the hotel became a member of Historic Hotels of America, a program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and it remains a member as of 2024.</p><br>
<p>Mobile City Hospital, also known as Old Mobile General Hospital, is a historic Greek Revival hospital building in Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was built in 1830 by Thomas S. James and served as a hospital for the city of Mobile from 1831 until 1966. It was administered for the city by the Sisters of Charity throughout a large part of its history. Residents of the city were treated here during epidemics of yellow fever and during the American Civil War. It was converted to office space after 1966. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 26, 1970. The building is adjacent to the old USA Marine Hospital, which is also on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>In 1966, a replacement hospital was opened as Mobile General Hospital. It was sold to the University of South Alabama for $1 in 1970, and later renamed USA Medical Center. It exists today as USA Health University Hospital, the areas only level 1 trauma center and the main teaching hospital for the University of South Alabamas College of Medicine.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building is stuccoed brick, with two stories over a raised basement. It features a long colonnaded front facade with a central projecting hexastyle portico supported by full height Doric columns carrying a full entablature and parapet across the front of the building. The rooms open onto two levels of galleries behind the colonnade.</p><br>
<p>The United States Marine Hospital, formerly known as Frank S. Keeler Memorial Hospital, is a historic Greek Revival hospital building in Mobile, Alabama, United States. Construction began in 1838 and was completed in 1842. It was designed by architect Frederick Bunnell and was operated by the Marine Hospital Service from its opening until it closed, in 1952. It treated injured Confederate and Union soldiers during the American Civil War. It shares some design features, such as its two-story colonnades, with its neighbor, the old Mobile City Hospital.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 27, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Timeline</h2><br>
<p>1798 - USA Congress created a Marine Hospital Service to provide for the care of sick and disabled seamen.</p><br>
<p>1817 - Marine Hospital built in Mobile on Government Street at Marine Street.</p><br>
<p>1836 - Marine Hospital destroyed by fire.</p><br>
<p>1838 - Land acquired for construction of new Marine Hospital at 800 St. Anthony Street next to newly constructed City Hospital.</p><br>
<p>1861-65 - Marine Hospital served at different times as a military hospital for Confederate and Union troops.</p><br>
<p>1870 - Hospital ceased to serve as a military hospital and returned to former status as the Marine Hospital.</p><br>
<p>1872 - Marine Hospital leased to private party. A report dated 1872 stated, "The building is old and unworthy of any considerable outlay for repairs."</p><br>
<p>1876 - Marine Hospital reverted to being a public institution.</p><br>
<p>1901 - Electric lights and plumbing installed.</p><br>
<p>1902 - Name changed to USA Public Health and Marine Service Hospital.</p><br>
<p>1912 - Facility served as first headquarters for malaria investigations by the USA Public Health Service.</p><br>
<p>1914 - Hospital served soldiers and sailors during World War I in addition to serving as a public health service.</p><br>
<p>1915 - First female nurse, Miss Ruby Gordon, reported to duty. Previously, only male nurses had been employed.</p><br>
<p>1932 - Three-story, T-shaped building added to rear of existing building, which approximately doubled the space in the hospital.</p><br>
<p>1953 - Sixth District Tuberculosis Association met to plan the acquisition of the hospital for use as a tuberculosis hospital. Frank S. Keeler was elected president of the association.</p><br>
<p>1955 - The USA government transferred the hospital to the Sixth District Tuberculosis Association for use as a tuberculosis hospital.</p><br>
<p>1973 - The Sixth District Tuberculosis Hospital was renamed the Frank S. Keeler Memorial Hospital in honor of his work in obtaining the Public Health Service Hospital for use as a tuberculosis sanatorium.</p><br>
<p>1974 - The Frank S. Keeler Tuberculosis Hospital closed on July 1, and the hospital was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on July 9.</p><br>
<p>1975 - The Mobile County Health Department purchased the Frank S. Keeler Memorial Building and surrounding property.</p><br>
<p>Salem First United Methodist Church is a Methodist congregation and historic church in Salem, Oregon, United States. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under its original name, First Methodist Episcopal Church of Salem, in 1983. First United is the oldest Methodist church west of the Rocky Mountains, and is a designated United Methodist Heritage Landmark. It is one of Oregon&#39;s few high-style Gothic Revival churches outside of Portland, and has one of the rare tall spires left standing in the state.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Methodist Episcopal Church of Salem was established in 1841 when the Methodist Mission moved its headquarters to Salem. Jason Lee was one of the 13 charter members of the church, and David Leslie was the first pastor. Local architect Wilbur F. Boothby supervised the construction.</p><br>
<p>Additions to the building in 1935 and 1967 were designed to harmonize with the original building&#39;s Gothic style. The original 185-foot wooden spire, which makes the church the tallest building in Salem, was replaced in 1984. The sanctuary was remodeled in 1953 to add an Aeolian-Skinner pipe organ, a chancel rose window, new altar, pulpit, and pews. Additional renovations to the interior occurred in 1981 and 1988. In 2000, the organ acquired its full rank of pipes.</p><br>
<p>First United purchased the historic Salem Elks building adjacent to the church in 1992 and renamed it MICAH (Methodist Inner-city Community Activities House). The building houses a youth center, the United Methodist Archives for the Oregon-Idaho Conference, an area for informal worship services, and several community outreach organizations.</p><br>
<h2>Kirkman House Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Kirkman House is an authentic example of the luxurious 1880s, a period of extensive growth for Walla Walla in downtown business buildings and in fine homes. The Kirkman house is one of the Northwest&#39;s most outstanding Victorian structures. It was built by William Kirkman, who left Bolton, England in the middle of the 19th century and made money in cattle in the West. The family moved into the home in 1880, and it was home to three generations of Kirkmans before the family gave it to Whitman College in 1919.</p><br>
<h2>William and Isabella Kirkman</h2><br>
<p>William Kirkman came to Boston from Lancashire County, England as a young man in the 1850s. His goal was to sell textiles, but he was lured to California by the Gold Rush. His quest for wealth via prospecting led him also to British Columbia, Australia and Idaho. He also invested in cattle in California and drove them to Boise and in 1866 he drove a pack train of miners&#39; supplies from Walla Walla, Washington to Montana.</p><br>
<p>William met Isabella Potts in San Francisco and they married in 1867. They moved to Idaho where William continued his interest in the cattle business. After a brief return to California, they moved to Walla Walla and made it their permanent home. William Kirkman formed a partnership in cattle with John Dooley, which was a successful one despite a heavy loss of livestock during the severe winter of 1881. William also became involved in wheat farming as well as cattle, and operated two farms.</p><br>
<p>Although he had left his family back in England, William was a regular correspondent. He sent not only letters, but sometimes gold dust to his father and stepmother. In time he was able to convince two of his brothers, James and John, to immigrate to the United States. John Kirkman involved himself in William&#39;s businesses and became active in community affairs.</p><br>
<p>William Kirkman was a generous and civic-minded man. He was a Walla Walla City officer and on the board at the Penitentiary. He and Isabella were strong supporters of education and William served on the Board of Education for the public schools. All four of the Kirkman children attended Whitman College, and William was a member of their board of trustees. He was involved in politics, too, and in 1892 was elected a delegate to the Republican National Convention in Minneapolis.</p><br>
<p>It was that same year that William, Isabella, Fanny Ann and William Henry traveled to Ireland, England and the Continent to see Isabellas parents and Williams relatives, and to shop for wedding clothes for Fanny Ann&#39;s upcoming marriage. However, on the way home William Kirkman died on the train while traveling through Wisconsin. When the news of his death reached Walla Walla, the flag at the city hall was hung at half-mast. The newspaper described his funeral: "The house was crowded with sorrowing friends, as was also the yard and streets surrounding the residence."</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>By the late 20th century the home was in great disrepair and Walla Walla was in danger of losing it to deterioration. In 1977, the home was purchased by the Historical Architecture Development Corporation (H.A.D.). They were a group of concerned citizens of Walla Walla who came together to save the historic sites and buildings of this area. The organization used Kirkman House as an office, eventually purchasing it and restoring the home into a period house museum. In 1982, H.A.D. received an award for outstanding work in historic preservation from the Washington State Trust for Historic Preservation. Today the home is privately owned and operates as a non-profit organization under the management of a revolving board of directors.</p><br>
<p>The Kirkman House has been listed on the American National Register of Historic Places since December 1974.</p><br>
<p>The 29 Diner is a diner in the City of Fairfax, Virginia. The diner is located at 10536 Fairfax Boulevard , a short distance west of the Boulevard&#39;s intersection with Chain Bridge Road .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 29 Diner opened on July 20, 1947. It was built by the Mountain View Diners Company of Singac, New Jersey. D.T. "Bill" Glascock (deceased) purchased the diner and had it shipped to a strip of land that he owned in Fairfax, Virginia. Glascock and his wife, Elvira "Curly," ran the diner for the first several years, and thereafter leased the building to a succession of business owners.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the Tastee Diner company bought the location and it became the Tastee 29 Diner.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the diner was declared to be a historic site. Marc Christian Wagner, an architectural historian from the Charlottesville-based Preservation Associates of Virginia organization wrote the statement of significance. The opening of the statement declares:</p><br>
<p>Thus, in 1992, the Tastee 29 Diner was added to the list of National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In the late-1990s, Fredy and Ginger Guevara (Ginger being a former waitress at the 29 Diner in the mid-1960s) bought the location and restored its original name of 29 Diner.</p><br>
<p>For years the diner was-open twenty four hours a day, seven days a week, with the exception being Christmas Day. In January 2009, the diner began closing on Monday nights due to the recession facing the United States, however in 2014 it was restored back to being open 24 hours a day.</p><br>
<p>In May, 2014, the 29 Diner went out of business under the operations of Fredy and Ginger Guevara, but the property lease was quickly picked up by Fairfax native John Wood, who planned to reopen it in the summer of 2014. After some delays, the diner reopened to the public at 12:01am on September 11, 2014. It was open 24 hours Tuesday through Sunday and closed on Monday.</p><br>
<p>Two days before Thanksgiving 2021, a chemical fire near the kitchen resulted in closure of the diner until further notice. A GoFundMe campaign by community members was approaching half of its collection goal within a week of the fire.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>Fairfax, Virginia, mayor Robert Lederer has made a recent annual tradition of dining at the 29 Diner on Thanksgiving.</p><br>
<p>John Walsh, host of America&#39;s Most Wanted, made a visit to the diner in 1999 with two bodyguards.</p><br>
<p>Bill Griffith featured 29 Diner in the, and, installments of Zippy the Pinhead.</p><br>
<p>The Pope House Museum, built in 1901, is a restored home once owned by Dr. Manassa Thomas Pope, a prominent African-American citizen of Raleigh, North Carolina. The Pope House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999, It was an official project of the Save America’s Treasures Program and the city of Raleigh took over management of it, offering tours for the first time in 2012.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Since the early 19th century, the area where the Pope House is located has gone through many transformations. When the original governor’s mansion was built at the end of Fayetteville Street on the site of the present Memorial Auditorium, it was thought that fashionable residences would be built nearby. Although a few substantial homes were constructed by white families, when Reverend Henry Martin Tupper moved Shaw University to the neighborhood in 1870, many new African-American residents drawn to Raleigh after the Civil War settled in the area. Pope attended Leonard Medical Center at Shaw University before beginning his medical practice.</p><br>
<p>Black professionals began to build homes in the area known as the Third Ward, which included the 500 block of South Wilmington Street. In 1901, Pope decided to build his house in this area. Pope’s neighbors included other prominent African Americans, including another doctor and a pharmacist. His home was located near his office on East Hargett Street, which at the time was the heart of the black business district.</p><br>
<p>Pope installed the latest technology in his home, including combination gas and electric fixtures, a kitchen with running water, a full bathroom on the second floor, coal burning heating stoves, and a telephone. He also installed a call bell system, with buttons in each room and an annunciator in the back hall. Pope began to see patients in the house during the 1920s and 1930s, when his health began to fail. The small area at the rear of the back hall, adjacent to the kitchen, was configured to include a small hand sink and built-in cabinet for instruments.</p><br>
<p>After Pope married Delia Haywood Phillips in 1907, the couple added a garage and wired the home for electricity. In the 1920s, the original front porch was removed, and the current sleeping porch constructed on brick piers. In the 1940s, the northern half of the first floor space below the porch was enclosed with brick, as it remains today. They eventually had two children, Evelyn and Ruth. After the deaths of their parents, Evelyn and Ruth maintained the family home, though they lived in Durham and Chapel Hill respectively.</p><br>
<p>Although the Pope House remains in the neighborhood, the area around it has dramatically changed. Older homes and businesses were replaced with office buildings, parking lots and newer homes. The most evident change was the construction of the Raleigh Convention Center directly across the street from the house. Today, the house is in the shadows of skyscrapers that were built in the 1980s and 1990s.</p><br>
<p>The Pope House was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 22, 1999. The following month the trustees of the Pope Charitable Foundation decided to begin the process of turning the house into a museum. One month later, The Pope House Museum Foundation was incorporated as a non-profit organization. The extensive family papers were sorted and catalogued, and donated to the Southern Historical Collection at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In 2011 due to financial concerns, the Pope House Museum approached the city of Raleigh about purchasing the Pope House Museum to ensure its survival. Since the purchase, the Pope House Museum has been managed by Raleigh Parks and Recreation which has opened the Pope House Museum for regular tours for the first time.</p><br>
<p>Pompion  Hill Chapel is small "back parish" church near Huger, South Carolina. Built in 1763, it is a virtually unaltered example of a brick Georgian parish church, retaining interior and exterior finishes. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Pompion Hill Chapel is located in a rural area, overlooking the Cooper River a few miles southwest of the hamlet of Huger. It is a rectangular brick building, with a clipped-gable roof, measuring 35 x. The brick is laid in Flemish bond, and the roof is original slate. It has matching entrances on the long sides, at the center of the five-bay facades. The doors and windows are all set in openings with rounded arch tops, the windows topped by fanlights. A small chancel area projects from the building&#39;s eastern end, topped by a gable roof, and with a Palladian window in its eastern wall.</p><br>
<p>The interior has a brick floor, laid in a herringbone pattern, with crossing aisles laid in red tile placed diagonally. The walls are plaster, rising to a cove ceiling. The interior woodwork and furnishings, including pews and pulpit are all original. The only significant alteration to the building is the reconstruction of the vestry at its western end, which was done using the original bricks.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was built in 1763-65, and was the second church to stand on the site. When the Province of South Carolina became officially Anglican (Episcopalian) in 1706, the church built here was the seat of St. Thomas&#39; Parish, one of nine into which the province was divided. This church replaced the original wooden church, and was built by mason William Axson, with bricks provided by Zachariah Villepontoux from the nearby Parnassus Plantation.</p><br>
<p>Mulberry Plantation is a historic plantation property in rural Berkeley County, South Carolina. Located between Moncks Corner and Charleston, this property was developed in 1714 by Thomas Broughton, who became the Royal governor of South Carolina, and is one of the oldest plantation homes in the United States. Its rice fields, dikes and canals were well-preserved into the 20th century. The plantation house and ten surrounding acres were declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Mulberry Plantation is set on the southern shore of the Cooper River, between it and Old United States Route 52. The main house is a two-story brick building, with a gambrel roof. At each corner of the main block stand engaged single-story square pavilions, topped by pyramidal roofs. The main entrance is sheltered by a gabled portico.</p><br>
<p>The plantation was probably established around 1714, but may not have been founded until 1725, and was built in what was at the time a frontier area on the site of a fortification for defense against Native American attack. This plantation was used as a defensive site during the Yamasee War (1715–17). The plantation house is a rare little-altered example of high-style early Georgian architecture in the nation.</p><br>
<p>Lawrence A. Walker of Summerville, South Carolina, bought the property in 1946 from Clarence E. Chapman of New York, and G. Everett Hoyt of Fairfield, Connecticut paid $175,000 for the house, including 1,027 acres, along with personal property in 1953. A later owner, Charles A. Atkins, was indicted in federal court over bogus tax schemes, and he transferred the house to his wife. Atkins had himself acquired the house from Fannie H. Brawley and William J. Iselin for $2,300,565. The Historic Foundation of Charleston bought the 800-acre plantation in August 1987 to prevent its possible development. The Foundation paid $2,800,000, and resold the property for $2,550,000 in August 1988 to S. Parker Gilbert, a New York City investment banker, and his wife. The Foundation expanded its pre-existing easements on the property to prevent any subdivisions of the property, protect a two-mile entry road, and preserve the interior of the house.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Smalls House is a historic house at 511 Prince Street in Beaufort, South Carolina. Built in 1843 and altered several times, the house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974 for its association with Robert Smalls . Smalls, born into slavery, achieved notice for commandeering the CSS Planter and sailing her to freedom during the American Civil War. After the war he represented South Carolina in the United States House of Representatives during Reconstruction.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Robert Smalls House is located in central Beaufort, at the northeast corner of Prince and New Streets. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a side gable roof and a two-story porch extending across its (south-facing) front facade. A two-story ell extends to the rear, giving the house a basic T shape. The house was built in 1843, originally with a single-story porch and ell, which were expanded to two stories in 1850 and 1870.</p><br>
<p>Robert Smalls was born into slavery in 1839, and spent most of his early years in this house, where his master (and father) was Henry McKee (Son of John McKee). Around 1851 he was hired out by McKee to work in Charleston, where he worked on the docks, and eventually learned to sail. In 1862, during the American Civil War, he successfully commandeered the Planter, sailing her to the blockading Union fleet. He later served in the Union Navy, and became involved in South Carolina politics after the war. His bravery was made a key argument in favor of the Union Army&#39;s enlistment of African-American soldiers.</p><br>
<p>Mitchell Recreation Area is a small picnic area located in the Fremont-Winema National Forests, Lake County, Oregon, near the unincorporated community of Bly. In it stands the Mitchell Monument, erected in 1950, which marks the only location in the United States where Americans were killed during World War II as a direct result of a Japanese balloon bomb. The site is maintained by the United States Forest Service and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On May 5, 1945, Reverend Archie Mitchell took his pregnant wife and five Sunday school children, from the Christian and Missionary Alliance church where he was minister, on a picnic and fishing trip. The group found the logging road they followed blocked, so they stopped next to Leonard Creek, eight miles (13 km) east of Bly near Gearhart Mountain. While Mitchell was unloading the food, he heard one of the children say, "Look what I found!" His wife and the children ran to see what had been found. Moments later, there was an explosion. Mrs. Mitchell and the boys were killed instantly; one of the children, Joan, survived the initial blast but died minutes later. Rev. Mitchells hands were burned from trying to put out Mrs. Mitchells dress which had caught fire.</p><br>
<p>The children had found the remains of a Japanese balloon bomb, one of approximately 9,000 balloon bombs launched from Honshū, Japan between November 1944 and April 1945. The balloons drifted across the Pacific Ocean to North America via the jet stream in about three days. The hydrogen-filled balloons were 33 ft in diameter and carried five bombs, four incendiaries and one anti-personnel high explosive. It is believed that as many as 1,000 balloons may have reached the United States and Canada. However, there were only 285 confirmed sightings on the west coast, and two balloons were later found in Michigan. Except for Elsye (aka Elsie) Mitchell and the five children killed near Bly, the bombs caused no injuries. These six individuals were the only Americans killed in the United States during World War II as a direct result of an Axis balloon bomb detonation. In 1976, Sakyo Adachi, a Japanese scientist who helped plan the balloon offense, visited the site and laid a wreath at the monument. He later sent a letter of apologies to the Patzke family for the loss of their two children.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, Japanese students sent 1,000 paper cranes, a Japanese symbol of peace and healing, to the families of the victims. Six cherry trees were also delivered to Bly to be planted at the site. One of the cherry trees was planted just north of the fenced monument site. The remaining trees were planted inside the fenced area. Later that year, over 500 people attended the 50th anniversary re-dedication ceremony at the Mitchell Monument site.</p><br>
<p>The Mitchell Monument site was originally owned by Weyerhaeuser Corporation. In 1996, Weyerhaeuser donated land around the monument to the Fremont National Forest (now the Fremont-Winema National Forests). Additional property was added to the site in 1997. A small picnic area was developed around the monument.</p><br>
<p>During the summer of 2021, the Bootleg Fire burned over the area surrounding Mitchell Monument. However, fire crews were able to save the historic site from the flames. As the fire approached, fire crews trimmed low hanging tree branches and built a fire line around the monument site. They also wrapped the shrapnel tree and the stone monument in a fire-resistant material similar to the material used for the firefighter&#39;s emergency shelters. As a result, when the fire passed through the adjacent forest, the monument was undamaged.</p><br>
<h2>Monument</h2><br>
<p>The Mitchell Monument was erected by Weyerhaeuser in 1950. It was designed by Tom Orr, a Weyerhaeuser forester. The stone structure was built by Robert H. Anderson, a local monument builder and stonemason. It is constructed of native stone and displays a bronze plaque with the names and ages of the victims of the balloon bomb explosion. It commemorates the "only place on the American continent where death resulted from enemy action during World War II". Approximately 500 people attended the monument&#39;s dedication on August 20, 1950. Oregon Governor Douglas McKay spoke at the ceremony.</p><br>
<p>Here are the words from the monument plaque:</p><br>
<p>Because it commemorates an important wartime event that occurred at the site, the monument is of significant historical value. Therefore, the Mitchell Monument site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 20, 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation area</h2><br>
<p>Today, the Bly Ranger District maintains Mitchell Recreation Area as a day-use picnic area. The site covers 22.7 acre. It is adjacent to Leonard Creek and is sheltered by large ponderosa pines. In addition to the monument, the site offers fishing, hiking, and wildlife viewing opportunities. The site is normally open from mid-May until the end of October. Adjacent to the monument is the "shrapnel tree", a ponderosa pine still bearing scars from the explosion. In 2005, the State of Oregon designated the shrapnel tree at the Mitchell Monument site as an Oregon Heritage Tree.</p><br>
<p>The Battle House Renaissance Mobile Hotel & Spa, is a historic hotel in Mobile, Alabama. The current structure was built in 1908 as the Battle House Hotel. It is the second hotel by that name to stand in this location, replacing an earlier Battle House built in 1852, which burned down in 1905. It is one of the earliest steel frame structures in Alabama.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>First Battle House Hotel</h3><br>
<p>The first Battle House Hotel was opened by James Battle and his two half-nephews John and Samuel on November 13, 1852 on the site of a former military headquarters set up by Andrew Jackson during the War of 1812. The Battle brothers&#39; new hotel was a 200-room four-story brick building, with a two-story gallery of cast iron. The site had been home to two other hotels in the years between Andrew Jackson and the Battle brothers, the Franklin Hotel and the Waverly Hotel. Both of these earlier structures had burned.</p><br>
<p>A particularly notable event for the hotel occurred when Stephen A. Douglas was a guest of the hotel the night that he lost the presidency to Abraham Lincoln.</p><br>
<p>The first Battle House also had such notable guests as Henry Clay, Jefferson Davis, Millard Fillmore, Oscar Wilde and Winfield Scott. A National Weather Service station was established at the Battle House in 1880 and electric lighting was added in 1884. The hotel was renovated in 1900. Then, after more than 50 years in service, the hotel burned to the ground on February 12, 1905.</p><br>
<h3>Modern Battle House Hotel</h3><br>
<p>After the fire, the proprietors hired Frank Mills Andrews of New York City to design a new structure and it was built out of steel and concrete. The new hotel reopened for business in 1908. The hotel remained a prominent fixture of Mobile through the first and second World Wars. Woodrow Wilson stayed at the Battle House in 1913. It was while he was at the Battle House that he made his famous statement that "the United States will never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest". The hotel was renovated in 1916 and again in 1949, with air-conditioning added in all guest rooms and public spaces at that time.</p><br>
<p>Sheraton Hotels bought the Battle House in 1958 and operated it as the Sheraton-Battle House until 1968, when they sold it to Gotham Hotels, along with seventeen other aging properties, and the hotel regained its original name. In May 1973, it was bought by local citizens, who renamed it the Battle House Royale and planned a complete renovation. However, the hotel was unsuccessful and closed its doors in 1974, remaining closed for the next 30 years. The empty Battle House Royale building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. By 1980 it was the only building left completely intact in its city block. In 2003, Retirement Systems of Alabama began restoration of the hotel, along with the construction of an adjoining skyscraper office building, which also includes additional hotel rooms on its lower floors, the RSA Battle House Tower. The 2-year historic restoration was undertaken by Smith Dalia Architects, in collaboration with TVSA for the tower design. The hotel reopened on May 11, 2007 as The Battle House Renaissance Mobile Hotel & Spa.</p><br>
<p>The hotel is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The eight-story building is steel frame with marble and brick facings. At street level it features a projecting one-story portico with paired Tuscan columns; the level above the portico has recessed Tuscan loggias with individual window balustrades. A wide third-story molded entablature is surmounted by cast iron balconies. The window openings over the entire facade have articulated keystones and the openings on the seventh level also feature cast iron balconies. The roof level features a molded projecting cornice with scroll brackets.</p><br>
<p>The hotel lobby features a domed skylight, dating back to 1908. The ceiling and walls feature elaborate plasterwork and are also painted using the trompe-l&#39;œil technique. The walls are painted with portraits of Louis XIV of France, George III of the United Kingdom, Ferdinand V of Castile, and George Washington.</p><br>
<p>The Trellis Room, located on the lobby floor, currently houses a restaurant with a four-diamond rating. The restaurant serves Northern Italian cuisine. The restaurant seats 90 and features a full-view kitchen so patrons can watch the chefs prepare their meals. The Trellis Room ceiling is barrel vaulted with a Tiffany glass skylight.</p><br>
<p>The lobby floor also hosts the Crystal Ballroom, which is known as "Mobiles First Harvest". At one time it was the hotels restaurant. The room has been restored to vintage colors, as it was in 1908. It features ornate plasterwork with an agricultural theme. The Battle House was a favorite place for southern planters to get away to once their crops were planted. The Crystal Ballroom is now used for social events such as weddings, meetings, and Mardi Gras balls. The first Mardi Gras ball to be held at the Battle House was The Strikers Ball in 1852. At that time the balls were part of the New Year celebration.</p><br>
<p>By its lobby floor, guests are additionally able to access the facilities of the Renaissance Mobile Riverview Plaza Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The Wilson Hotel  is a historic building in downtown Anacortes, Washington, United States. It was built in 1890 during a speculative land boom when cites across northern Puget Sound were competing to become the western terminus of the Great Northern Railways transcontinental route. It was designed by the firm of Pickles and Sutton and built by capitalist David Wilson, all of Tacoma, and was built of locally made brick. The buildings design is Romanesque with masticated stone bases, rounded windows and roman arches. Rechristened the New Wilson Hotel after a remodeling in 1911, The hotel was expanded in 1926 with a 4-story addition that matched the height of the original 3-story building. It served as a hotel into the 1970s when it was converted to apartments. Recently, the Wilson underwent complete restoration and earthquake retrofitting. The work was completed in 2007. The Wilson currently features retail on the main floor and low income housing on the upper floors.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Wilson Hotel was the project of Tacoma resident David Wilson, a speculative investor who had followed the Northern Pacific Railway there in the early 1880s after it had chosen Tacoma as its terminus. Wilson had spearheaded investment projects in burgeoning railroad towns throughout Washington State in the 1880s including Yakima and Davenport where he financed the construction of several hotels and business blocks. In the late 1880s as the Great Northern Railway was looking to locate its own western terminus in the Puget Sound country, cities up and down the coast began booming in hopes of attracting the road. Wilson chose the nascent Anacortes for his investment and began buying property. In 1890 he commissioned Pickles & Sutton, one of Tacomas leading architectural firms at the time, to design a large brick hotel and would eventually hire a Tacoman to run it. Yet another Tacoman, contractor and brick mason David See, was hired by Wilson to set up a brick yard specifically to supply him with the 1 million bricks that would be needed for the hotel and a bank building planned for Q Avenue that was never completed. Arriving in town in May, Sees brick yard would be up and running within a month. Time would eventually prove the quality of Sees brick to be very poor, and most buildings built of it, including the Wilson, would have to be stuccoed or veneered to protect them from the moist climate. Construction of Wilsons block began on June 4, 1890 at the corner of Avenue P (now Commercial Ave) and Eighth Streets. Local papers at the time considered it one of the largest and costliest buildings yet built in Anacortes, with an estimated price tag of $42,000 ($ in dollars). Despite several material shortages and additional brick having to be shipped in from Tacoma, construction was pushed through and the building was completed by December 1890. It wouldn&#39;t fully open to guests until February 1891.</p><br>
<p>The original hotel when completed contained 62 sleeping rooms on the upper floors including a large parlor on the second floor corner. The interiors were decorated in the Eastlake style, finished in local red cedar and red cherry woods. Four store rooms were located on the ground floor facing Commercial Avenue, with a dining room, hotel offices and a bar room occupying the southern two. The Romanesque facade was trimmed with stone and tin and originally featured a large central pediment bearing the building&#39;s name (long ago lost to deterioration). A 1-story brick wing containing a kitchen and wood shed was added behind the hotel in 1891 giving the building an L-shaped footprint. According to Sanborn insurance maps, several wooden outbuildings used for housekeeping and laundry filled the remainder of the property, now used as a garden.</p><br>
<p>Following its construction, the Wilson Hotel became an important landmark and a major scene of social life in Anacaortes, with numerous social and political functions being held in its parlor room. When the town installed its first telephone and electric services in 1890 and 1891, respectively, the Wilson was among the first buildings to receive them. Located within blocks of the Railroad depot, It soon became the hotel of choice for visiting dignitaries and businessmen, outpacing the rival Hotel Anacortes, once an even grander structure that eventually fell into disrepair as the citys boom waned, leaving the large building stranded in an area that commercial development never reached. Despite its success as a gathering place, the hotel and its owner were not immune to the approaching hard times and were soon ruined by the Panic of 1893. By the end of that year, David Wilson was broke, and the hotel was closed to guests, later sold off at a sheriffs auction to pay off its accrued property taxes.</p><br>
<p>The building was purchased by Valentine Funk in 1901, whose grandson Wallie would run the hotel into the 1960s as well as being in charge of the local newspaper, the Anacortes American. In 1911, the hotel underwent an $18,000 renovation by proprietors Jack Whalen & Burnham Freeman from Everett. All rooms were refurnished with the total number of rooms reduced to 51 to provide 12 with private bathrooms. Reopened in October 1911 as the New Wilson Hotel, it was touted as the finest hotel not just in Anacortes but between Seattle and Bellingham, with electricity, steam heat, and both hot and cold running water listed among the features. In May 1926 the Funks undertook another major refurbishment and expansion of the hotel by replacing the 1891 kitchen annex with an unadorned 4-story reinforced concrete annex that, despite the extra floor, would match the old building in height; An elevator was installed in the annex that could stop at floors in either building. The interior of the old building was rearranged so that all rooms now had a private bathroom. The $50,000 remodeling was complete within a few months and the appearance of the New Wilson Hotel has remained largely the same since.</p><br>
<p>The Renaissance Theatre, previously known as the Ohio Theatre, is a restored movie palace-type theater located at 138 Park Ave. W in Mansfield, Ohio. The 1,402-seat theater opened on January 18, 1928, as the Ohio Theatre and serves today as the largest performing arts center in North-Central Ohio. The Renaissance Performing Arts Association operates the facility and annually produces and presents approximately 40 productions consisting of Broadway-style musical theater shows, classical music concerts, comedy shows, educational performances and outreach programs, popular music concerts, special events, and family shows. The Renaissance is also home to the Mansfield Symphony Orchestra and the Miss Ohio Scholarship Pageant, the state competition for the Miss America Pageant.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Miss Ohio Pageant played a significant role in saving the Ohio Theatre and its renovation into the Renaissance Theatre. Mansfield originally hosted the Miss Ohio Pageant at the Ohio Theatre from 1959 through 1962. After Sanduskys Jacquelyn Mayer, Miss Ohio 1963, was crowned Miss America 1963, the Miss Ohio Pageant was relocated to the Ballroom Pavilion at Cedar Point Amusement Park in Sandusky. In 1975, the pageant returned to Mansfield, first to Malabar High School Auditorium from 1975 through 1978, then to the Madison Theatre in 1979. In 1980, it was decided to televise the pageant. Because of inadequate stage depth and backstage space at the Madison Theatre, then pageant producer Denny Keller and pageant set designer Paul Gilger persuaded the Miss Ohio Board of Directors to move the pageant back to Mansfields Ohio Theatre, reopening the facility and sprucing it up for the pageants first televised broadcast. The pageants return to the old Ohio Theatre was the initial event that eventually led to the total renovation of the theatre and its reincarnation into the Renaissance Theatre. The Miss Ohio Scholarship Program has been held at the theatre continuously since 1980, for over 40 years.</p><br>
<p>In August 1980, the Ohio Theatre became The Renaissance Theatre. In January 1997, the theater&#39;s name was changed to The Renaissance when it merged with the Mansfield Symphony. On May 31, 1983, The Renaissance was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The original building was completely restored in 1985 at a cost of $2.25 million.</p><br>
<p>During the summer of 2008, construction began on expanding the Renaissance Theatre with the demolition of the condemned building that neighbored the theatre. Construction continued throughout the following year and the addition was opened into the existing structure in November 2009. The new portion of the theatre remained closed to the public until January 30, 2010, during the Grand Opening Gala. Grammy award winner, Sylvia McNair, performed for guests after dinner which was held in the new lobby. The new addition included the addition of an elevator that provided handicap access to all parts of the theatre for the first time, eleven offices for staff, a permanent music library for the Mansfield Symphony and Symphony Chorus, expanded restroom facilities, new concession area, two meeting spaces, and a coat check station.</p><br>
<p>On June 27, 2010, the marquee, that had been placed on the building during the 1984 restoration, was removed due to safety concerns. It was donated to the Mansfield Sailors and Soldiers Museum to be put on display at its original site, the area where the Madison Theatre stood. A new electronic marquee was installed on the new addition, during the 2008 expansion, to take the place of the Madison Marquee.</p><br>
<p>Mulberry Plantation, also known as the James and Mary Boykin Chesnut House is a historic plantation at 559 Sumter Highway  south of Camden, South Carolina. Declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000, it is significant as the home of American Civil War chronicler Mary Boykin Chesnut, who produced some of the most important written accounts of the war from a Confederate perspective. The main house, built about 1820, is a fine example of Federal period architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Mulberry Plantation is located about 3 mi south of downtown Camden, and occupies more than 4,800 acre of land bordering the Wateree River. The main plantation house is located on a high point of the property, about 0.25 mi east of Sumter Highway, and is accessed via a drive from that road. An early 20th-century wrought iron gate, spelling "Mulberry" within its elements, stands across the road between brick piers. The main house is a handsome Federal period brick house, stories in height, that was built about 1820, with possible design input from the noted South Carolina architect Robert Mills.</p><br>
<p>The plantation has a documented history of human habitation dating back as far as about 1250 CE, based on archaeological research of platform mounds found on the property. It is believed to be the site of Cofitachequi, a major chiefdom visited by the explorer Hernando de Soto in the 16th century, and is also the location of a second archaeological site, the McDowell Site.</p><br>
<p>The plantation was established in the 1760s by James Chesnut, and passed first to his brother John, and then to John&#39;s son, James Chesnut Sr. (1775&ndash;1866) Under his stewardship, the plantation was one of the largest and most successful inland plantations in the state, growing to a maximum size of more than 12,000 acre. All of this wealth would have been impossible without the forced labor of the hundreds of enslaved people that Chestnut held in ownership. Mary Chesnut (the wife of James Chesnut Jr.) wrote a detailed diary of the war years. Her diary, refined and published by her in the 1870s, remains a major historical work of the period, chronicling the rise and fall of the Confederacy.</p><br>
<p>The Bettie Hunter House is a historic African American residence in Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was the residence of Bettie Hunter, a former enslaved African who grew wealthy from a successful hack and carriage business she operated in Mobile with her brother, Henry. The fall of New Orleans during the American Civil War had made Mobile the Souths only major port on the Gulf of Mexico. Transportation of goods to and from the port depended on the citys teamsters and their horse or mule-drawn wagons. Bettie Hunter was part of a group of African Americans who recognized the opportunities in the carriage business and she</p><br>
<p>cornered this part of the transportation market in Mobile.</p><br>
<p>The Hunter House was built in 1878 and is an exceptional example of 19th-century residential architecture for an African American in the Deep South. The two-story Italianate house matches Mobile&#39;s white-owned residences of the period in scale and detail. Bettie Hunter died on November 2, 1879, at the age of 27. Her house had just been finished the year before. She was buried in Magnolia Cemetery in Mobile. She had no children and willed the property to her family.</p><br>
<p>Peter Gideon  was a farmer near Excelsior, Minnesota, United States, who was responsible for breeding apples that could withstand Minnesotas climate. Gideons farmhouse, now within the boundaries of Shorewood, Minnesota, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Gideon moved to Minnesota in 1853, near Lake Minnetonka, and experimented with planting pear, plum, cherry, peach, and apple seeds. After ten years of experimentation, the harsh Minnesota winters had killed off all of his trees except for one seedling crab apple tree. Seeking advice from a well-known expert in the field, he started corresponding with apple expert Francis Peabody Sharp in Woodstock, New Brunswick, Canada who had employed new, successful methods of hybridization starting back in 1844 (see more here: Sharp instructed him on the proper methods for hybridizing apples and buying seeds for colder climates, specifically indicating Bangor, Maine as the place to buy the seeds (Bangor, ME is located directly over the border from Woodstock, Canada). Gideon never told anybody about corresponding with Sharp nor gave him any credit for his expert advice. Gideon, being a transcendentalist, just said "an invisible being" came to him in a dream and told him to get some Russian seeds from a company in Bangor, Maine. There is, however, written evidence of Sharp and Gideon corresponding about these matters. Therefore, thanks to the expert advice of Francis Peabody Sharp, he sent back to Bangor, Maine for seeds and scions, and continued his experiments by grafting a scion onto the crab apple tree. From this experiment, in 1868 he successfully selected a variety of apple that he named the "Wealthy", in honor of his wife.</p><br>
<p>In March 1878, Minnesota established a State Experimental Fruit Farm by act of the Legislature which Gideon ran for eleven years, planting many thousands of apple trees and distributing his best seeds across the state. He had been experimenting unsuccessfully with breeding apples for the colder Minnesota climate. This is what led him to seek out the expertise and advice of Francis Peabody Sharps on how to grow his fruits in Minnesota, using Russian seeds and using new Sharps new techniques of hybridization.</p><br>
<p>The state farm was located near Gideon&#39;s land on Lake Minnetonka, under the jurisdiction of the University of Minnesota. When the farm closed in February 1889 due to conflicts with the University, Gideon lost his job. Gideon later became the first superintendent of a University of Minnesota agricultural experiment station established in 1878. The station was abandoned in 1889, when he retired, but in 1907 the Minnesota Legislature established a fruit breeding farm between Excelsior and Chaska. The fruit breeding farm later became the Horticultural Research Center, which is now part of the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum. The center later developed the Haralson apple, introduced in 1922. The Wealthy apple is genetically related to the Haralson, though it took DNA testing to rediscover this fact after extensive hybridization.</p><br>
<p>Portland City Hall is the headquarters of city government of Portland, Oregon, United States. The four-story Italian Renaissance-style building houses the offices of the City Council, which consists of the mayor and four commissioners, and several other offices. City Hall is also home to the City Council chambers, located in the rotunda on the east side of the structure. Completed in 1895, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1974. City Hall has gone through several renovations, with the most recent overhaul gutting the interior to upgrade it to modern seismic and safety standards. The original was built for $600,000, while the 1996 to 1998 renovation cost $29 million.</p><br>
<p>Located in downtown Portland, City Hall sits on an entire city block along Fourth and Fifth avenues at Madison and Jefferson Streets. To the south is the Wells Fargo Center, and to the north is the Portland Building. Terry Schrunk Plaza (named for a former mayor) is across Fourth Avenue to the east. In addition to more than 87,000 ft&sup2; of interior space, the exterior consists of landscaped grounds. The main entrance is located on Fourth Avenue, though for a time it was located on the Fifth Avenue side.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Late 19th century</h3><br>
<p>The 1895-to-present City Hall replaced an earlier building at Second and Ash streets. In 1869, the Oregon Episcopal School was founded in downtown Portland, with the women-only St. Helens Hall on the current block of City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The city hired Henry J. Hefty to design the building; his design was "a huge ostentatious structure that appeared to be modeled on the Kremlin." After the foundation and basement of the building had been built, the new City Hall Commission canceled the contract and tore out the basement and first floor at an expense of $125,000.</p><br>
<p>This board terminated Hefty and hired the architectural firm of Whidden and Lewis to design a new building. Ion Lewis and William Whidden were originally from Boston, but were in Portland for the Portland Hotel project, and Whidden had been employed with McKim, Mead, and White. The board also persuaded the state legislature to authorize an additional $500,000 in bonds to complete the project. Whidden & Lewis designed a four-story structure in a neo-Renaissance style that included a clock tower. Designed to be located in the center portion of the building, the tower was to rise five-stories above the rest of City Hall with a total height of 200 feet. Due to costs, the clock tower was never built. A domed cupola also designed by Whidden and Lewis was never built. The original building design was praised for the details and symmetry.</p><br>
<p>In 1893, construction at the site was restarted. City Hall was built with un-reinforced masonry walls and slurry concrete floors to save on costs.</p><br>
<p>Construction on the new structure was finished in 1895, The first city council meeting held in the new building took place on February 6. Once completed, the building was one of the first large buildings in the Pacific Northwest to have electric wiring, have centralized heating, include public elevators, or be considered fireproof. William S. Mason was the first Portland mayor in the new City Hall, with a total of 34 people working in the building at opening. His successor, Sylvester Pennoyer, called the new building "expensive, unseemly and unhealthful".</p><br>
<p>Funding for the city hall came from several sources. In 1889, the Oregon Legislative Assembly approved a sale of $175,000 worth of bonds by the City of Portland to finance the construction of a new city hall. The building ultimately cost $575,000.</p><br>
<p>When built, the surrounding area was composed of dirt roads and private residences. The Southern Pacific Railroads 1868 west side rail line ran down Fourth Avenue past City Hall and the county courthouse. The city and county governments fought the railroad to remove the dirty and noisy steam locomotives from this route, succeeding in 1912. Southern Pacifics electric interurban line continued on the tracks until the 1930s. In 2007, work began on adding light rail tracks on Fifth Avenue for the planned MAX Green Line, and trains once again ran past City Hall starting in 2009.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>In 1902, two Port Orford cedar trees were planted on the east side of City Hall. One tree was planted on the north side and the second tree on the south side of the building to reinforce the symmetrical aspects of the building. The south tree was replaced in 1999 due to poor health. In 1910, the city added passenger elevators to the open stairwells.</p><br>
<p>Until 1902 the Portland Public Library, which started as a reading room for sailors and then as a subscription library, was housed in the building. In 1928, the city began one of a series of renovations on the building to increase floor space. That year one of the two light wells were filled in, blocking off natural light to the lower floors. The city added a new elevator in 1931. The next remodel started in 1933, and lasted through 1937. During this construction the second light well was filled in for more space, and a penthouse apartment was built on top of the roof.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, the city installed a large boulder on the southeast portion of the grounds. The Oregon Railway and Navigation Company had found the 15,000-year-old boulder in 1897 and moved it to Portland. The ten ton Wallula Stone was discovered in the Columbia River Gorge, and was covered with petroglyphs. It was returned to the Umatilla tribe of Native Americans in Eastern Oregon in 1996. The old elevators inside were replaced again in 1946, and in 1948 a runaway truck destroyed part of the stone railing on the Fifth Avenue side, which was then fixed.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s the mayor&#39;s office was refurbished, a new roof was installed, and new trees were planted on the grounds. In 1964, the city remodeled the City Council chambers on the second and third floors. Part of the work was to install new lighting to allow television broadcasts from the chamber, while other work added drop tiles to the ceiling, hiding the domed roof.</p><br>
<p>In the early morning hours of November 21, 1970, a dynamite-fueled bomb exploded underneath the portico, doing $170,000 in damage. Though no one was injured, windows were blown out, the Council Chamber (located above the blast) was damaged, all of the columns of the portico were damaged and replaced, and the Liberty Bell replica was a complete loss. A new bell was purchased for $8,000 and later moved to Terry Schrunk Plaza. No one was ever arrested or claimed responsibility for the bombing.</p><br>
<p>Later in the decade, Portland upgraded City Hall by adding fire sprinklers and smoke detectors. In 1974, City Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The following year the rooftop penthouse was converted into an employee break room that included an outdoor deck. In 1978, the city constructed a wheelchair ramp to provide access to the handicapped.</p><br>
<p>The 1980s saw additional renovations. The auditors office and the mayors office were both renovated, though work on the mayors office halted when funds were exhausted. The city expanded the office of the citys attorney, and in 1982 the Portland Building was finished across the street. This allowed the city to move many city offices into a single location. Work was also completed on the exterior, while a new roof was finished. In 1985, the building began a conversion from steam heating.</p><br>
<p>In January 1995, the City Council voted to remove parking from the grounds of City Hall. Previously, the landscaped yard surrounding the building had been paved to allow the city council members to park their vehicles on site. That month also marked the 100th birthday of the structure.</p><br>
<h3>Renovation</h3><br>
<p>Discussions about the need to upgrade and renovate City Hall began anew in 1988. In 1994, proposals were made to remodel and update the structure to meet modern building codes, with an estimated cost of $16 million. Work was to include replacing the concrete floors, structural upgrades, and restoring the original light corridors that penetrated all four floors of the building. In March 1995, plans were made to renovate the then-100-year-old structure. The estimated $22-million project was proposed due to the building failing to comply with the city codes for earthquakes and fires.</p><br>
<p>Some preparatory work for the renovation began in November 1995. On May 3, 1996, City Hall closed and offices relocated for the renovation project. The offices were temporarily housed in the former State Office Building (now Fifth Avenue Building) nearby on Fifth Avenue. Bing Sheldon served as the architect on the remodel. Drake Construction served as the contractor for the project with SERA Architects as the design firm.</p><br>
<p>On June 17, 1996, a 120 ft-long boom portion of a construction crane crashed at the construction site, scraping the stone on the east side of the building, but not injuring anyone. Due to the fragile sandstone exterior, the damage on the rotunda was not repaired. In January 1997, construction crews finished the demolition portion of the project and finished the structural reinforcement part before they began the interior construction phase.</p><br>
<p>Designers restored the light corridors inside the building during the remodel. These two central light courts allowed more natural lighting into the interior of the building. Additionally, the old Fourth Avenue entrance was restored, and the address was changed to 1221 S.W. Fourth Avenue. Renovations also restored the original look of the City Council chamber, with council members now facing the windows.</p><br>
<p>The original red and white marble from the floors was saved and reinstalled on top of the new concrete slab flooring. New marble was used on the fourth floor. Other changes included the addition of central air conditioning, insulation of the roof and exterior walls, and the replacement of the old single-pane windows.</p><br>
<p>On March 30, 1998, City Hall reopened to the public. Of the $29.3 million final cost of the project, construction costs totaled $19.9 million. Of that amount, $17 million was to bring the building up to modern fire and safety standards. Additional funds were spent on artwork, a temporary location for offices, and new furniture among other costs. Reasons given for the additional costs varied from new problems uncovered during the remodel, a booming construction market at the time, and delays in starting the project.</p><br>
<p>Financing of the renovations came from local bonds, with approximately $3 million per year coming from the general fund to pay the debt off. Prior attempts at raising private funds for the project had failed. The project was named as the top public project and was an honorable mention in the renovation category for 1998 by Northwest Construction magazine.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>The four-story building is in the Italian Renaissance style of architecture with a sandstone exterior. The interior of City Hall covers 87,500 ft&sup2, with 48,128 ft&sup2; of usable space. Viewed from above the building is similar in shape to the letter E, with the rotunda as the middle protruding portion of the building. There are two wings that extend toward Fourth Avenue, one on the far north and the other on the far south, each only a single story in height where it is closest to Fourth. Portland City Council chambers occupy the two other floors inside of the rotunda, on the east side of the building.</p><br>
<p>On the roof of City Hall are 4 ft ornamental urns, originally made of limestone. In the atrium the walls are covered in a white tile that was re-discovered during the 1996 remodel.</p><br>
<p>The Pettygrove Room on the second floor is named for Francis W. Pettygrove, the Portland founder who won the coin toss to name the city. The main stairway at City Hall has 77 steps, with iron handrails and tile steps. The building sits 70 ft above sea level. Artwork in the building includes works by Norie Sato, a mural by Michael Brophy in the Council Chamber, a constantly changing work called the "Visual Chronicle of Portland" located on the main floor, and changing exhibits.</p><br>
<p>The Governmental Relations office and the office of the citys attorney are on the fourth floor. On the third floor are the mayors office, the ceremonial Rose Room, a balcony for the Council chambers, Audit Services, and the citys affirmative action office. The second floor contains the city council chambers, two conference rooms, and four commissioners offices. On the main floor is the lobby, the Office of Neighborhood Involvement, an information desk, and offices for the city auditor, council clerk, and city treasurer. The grounds of the building include a rose garden, trees, a vegetable garden, and other landscaping.</p><br>
<p>The Robidoux School is a historic school building located at 201 South 10th in St. Joseph, Missouri. It was the first building used by what would become Missouri Western State University.</p><br>
<p>The first high school in St. Joseph was built on the site in 1866. In 1895 the high school moved to 13th and Patee and the building was remodeled to be a grammar school named after St. Joseph founder Joseph Robidoux. In 1907 the building was razed and architect Edmond Jacques Eckel and Walter Boschen was commissioned to design the new Classical Revival style building which opened in 1909 at a cost of $130,000 including contents. It included 12 classrooms and an auditorium seating 1,100. In 1914, the building was used as a freshman annex for Central High School (Saint Joseph, Missouri). In 1919 it became the Robidoux Polytechnic High School, a vocational trade school. In 1933 it became home for the St. Joseph Junior College which had been founded in 1915 and was earlier operating out of Central High School. The move occurred at the same time as the Central High School moved to its current location. In 1965 the Junior College became a four-year Missouri Western State College. In 1969 the college moved to its current location on the east side of St. Joseph. This school is not to be confused with the current Robidoux Middle School at 4212 St. Joseph Avenue.</p><br>
<p>In 1981 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Ironically the application was filed by Missouri Western&#39;s rival Northwest Missouri State University. It is located in the Museum Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<p>John Phillips House is a historic 1853 vernacular Greek Revival house in the Spring Valley area of Polk County, Oregon, United States. It was built for pioneer John Phillips, He finished his journey to Oregon on the Meek Cutoff as part of Stephen Meek&#39;s "lost wagon train".</p><br>
<p>John Phillips, born in 1814, was a native of Wiltshire England who came to the USA in 1834 and settled in Florida. After living in New Orleans—where he met and married Elizabeth Hibbard in 1839—and St. Louis, he came to Oregon and bought the Turner donation land claim in Polk County for $100.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Coad served during the Cayuse War in 1855, and helped construct buildings at Fort Hoskins, including one commissioned by then-Lieutenant Philip Sheridan, which was moved near the community of Pedee. Also known as the Condron House, the Philip Sheridan House has been returned to the Fort Hoskins site and is being restored. Samuel Coad married the daughter of General Cornelius Gilliam, Henrietta, in 1853. Coad also constructed the woolen mill at Ellendale.</p><br>
<p>As of 1980, the John Phillips House was the oldest residence in Polk County and was still in the Phillips family.</p><br>
<p>The house has a Salem mailing address, but the closest settlement is the unincorporated community of Zena about a mile to the southwest. John Phillips is buried in the Zena Cemetery at Spring Valley Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>Nottoway Plantation, also known as Nottoway Plantation House is located near White Castle, Louisiana, United States. The plantation house is a Greek Revival- and Italianate-styled mansion built by enslaved African people and artisans for John Hampden Randolph in 1859, and is the largest extant antebellum plantation house in the South with 53,000 ft&sup2; of floor space.</p><br>
<h2>Mansion and grounds</h2><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>John Randolph commissioned renowned architect Henry Howard of New Orleans with the task of designing the grand mansion with the intention that no expense would be spared in the construction. Howard sited the three-story wooden frame house, which includes a one-story rusticated stucco-covered brick base on a concrete foundation, to face east towards the Mississippi River. The entrance facade is asymmetrically balanced, with a projecting bedroom wing to the left side and a large curved bay with galleries on the right. The main five-bay structure, with a central projecting portico, emphasizes height rather than width, with the main living areas on the second and third stories both being 15.5 ft in height above the one-story basement, scored to appear as stone, and featuring an arched niche flanked with narrow fenestrations. The galleries are embellished with custom ornamental iron railings made in New Orleans and capped with molded wooden handrails. Double curved granite staircases, installed by skilled mason, Newton Richards, rise to the second story. These steps were built with the left side intended for ladies and the right for gentlemen. The boot scraper at the bottom can also identify the steps for the men. The separate staircases were so that the men would not see the womens ankles beneath their skirts as they climbed, which was considered a severe breach of social etiquette at the time. The close spacing and angularity of the gallerys 22 square columns and elongated capitals also emphasize the vertical qualities of the house. Above the capitals, small brackets branch out to carry a tall entablature decorated with modillions, supporting a projecting cornice that nearly covers the hipped roof that is pierced with six chimneys. In the rear of the house is a two-story garçonnière wing where the Randolph sons resided.</p><br>
<p>Construction of Nottoway was completed in 1859 at an estimated cost of $80,000 (~$ in ). Randolph destroyed the architect&#39;s plans after completion to prevent any duplicate homes from being built.</p><br>
<h3>Interiors</h3><br>
<p>Nottoway has over an acre of floor space spread out over three floors and a total of 64 rooms with 165 doors and 200 windows, most of which can double as doors. The house enjoyed 19th-century novelties such as a bathroom on each floor with flushing toilets and hot and cold running water, gas lighting throughout the house, and a complex servant call-bell system. The principal rooms of the house are located on the second floor. The entrance hall runs the length of the house and is 12 feet wide and 40 feet long. Large Baccarat crystal and brass chandeliers hang from the 15.5 ft high ceilings and the doors with hand-painted German Dresden porcelain doorknobs and matching keyhole covers, leading to the adjacent rooms are 11 ft tall. Above the doors and along the ceilings are plaster frieze moldings, with modillions interspersed with paterae, made from mud, clay, horse hair, and Spanish moss. To the right of the entrance hall is the most unusual, and John Randolphs favorite room in the house is the White Ballroom. With Composite columns, hand-cast archways, and an L-shaped extension into a curved bay, Randolph had it painted entirely white, including the flooring, to show off the natural beauty of his seven daughters, six of whom would be married there. Featuring two fireplaces with hand-carved rococo white marble mantles, there is also an original mirror placed so that the women could see if their ankles or hoops were showing beneath their skirts. Over one of the fireplaces, there is a painting of Mary Henshaw (no relation to the family), whose eyes are said to follow the viewer around the room. Flanking the entrance hall to the left are a gentlemans study, a stair hall, and the formal dining room. The study and the dining room feature black Italian hand-carved marble mantles on their coal-burning fireplaces, and the rooms are filled with period antique furniture. The dining room plasterwork showcases pink camellias, Emily Randolph&#39;s favorite flower, and is the only plasterwork in the house to have color.</p><br>
<p>The main staircase of Honduran mahogany is covered in green velvet and ascends to the Ancestral Hall on the third floor. The hall was used by the Randolphs as a family parlor, being a central thoroughfare to many of the adjacent bedrooms, and gave access to the third-floor gallery with views of the Mississippi River. Nearby is the main bedroom, with one of the three original bathrooms, as well as a small room that was used as a nursery for Julia Marceline, Randolph&#39;s last and only child born at Nottoway. During the Civil War, Emily Randolph utilized a bedpost to hide valuable jewelry at the end of the bed. Though originally bedrooms, one has been made into a music room displaying 19th-century musical instruments, and another, known as the Wicker Room, features wicker furniture owned by the Randolph family.</p><br>
<p>The first-floor basement has been transformed into a restaurant and a small museum about the Randolph family and the history of the plantation. Initially, the space held the laundry, dairy, wine cellar, servants quarters, and a 10-pin bowling alley for the childrens amusement.</p><br>
<h3>Grounds</h3><br>
<p>John Nelson of New Orleans designed the Nottoway landscape to include 120 fruit and citrus trees, 12 magnolia trees, poplar, live oak trees, 75 rose bushes, 150 strawberry plants, and a variety of flower and vegetable gardens. However, due to neglect and the erosion of six and a half acres of land by the Mississippi River, the gardens designed by Nelson no longer exist. Today, the house sits only 200 feet behind a river levee, and the grounds include a small formal hedge garden adjacent to the garçonnière where the detached kitchen once stood, and a fountain courtyard in front of the southern bedroom wing. Surrounding the house are modern ancillary buildings that house offices and event facilities. The owners expanded the property in 2008 by building a carriage house, ballroom, and nine Acadian-style cottages modeled after the property&#39;s original slave quarters, while the plantation was closed to the public for repairs, as a result of damage incurred by Hurricane Gustav. To the north of the house is the reconstructed stables, now re-purposed as a ballroom, and the Randolph cemetery where the remains of the family were reinterred in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>John Hampden Randolph was born in Virginia in 1813, a member of the prominent Randolph family. He migrated with his family to Mississippi when his father, Peter Randolph Jr., was appointed a federal judge in Woodville, Mississippi, by President James Monroe in 1820.</p><br>
<p>John Randolph married Emily Jane Liddell in 1837 and had eleven children. Randolph devoted most of his time to his cotton plantation, but believing sugar production would be more lucrative, he decided to move his family to southern Louisiana in 1842, where he purchased a 1,650 acre cotton plantation that he named Forest Home. Converting the plantation to sugar cane production two years later and constructing Iberville Parish&#39;s first steam-powered sugar mill, Randolph was able to triple his earnings over his cotton production. Within ten years, Randolph had increased his holdings to 7,116 acre and enslaved 176 people, making Randolph one of the more prominent enslavers in the Southern United States. In 1855, Randolph purchased an additional 400 acre of highland, and 620 acre of swamp and Mississippi River-front land where he sought to build a more prestigious home that he named "Nottoway", after Nottoway County, Virginia, where he was born.</p><br>
<p>He selected Henry Howard, a trendy architect of the time, considered one of the finest architects of 19th-century New Orleans. Many of his Greek Revival- and Italianate-style buildings, churches, and homes can still be found in the city. He also designed the neighboring Belle Grove, now destroyed. Randolph and the owner of Belle Grove, John Andrews, are known to have had a rivalry of sorts that even extended to their homes. Compiling the materials for his plantation home, cypress logs were cut and cured under water for six years, then cut into planks and dried into what is called virgin cypress. The wood&#39;s most notable feature is its durability and resistance to termites. Handmade bricks were baked in kilns by enslaved workers, and 40 carpenters, brick masons, and plumbers were hired by Howard, who lived in tents at the construction site while doing their work. The massive home was completed in 1859, along with various other buildings, including quarters for enslaved workers, a schoolhouse, greenhouse, stable, steam-powered sugar house, wood cisterns, and other necessary buildings for an agricultural operation.</p><br>
<p>Soon after the house was completed, the American Civil War began. Randolph did not support secession from the United States. Nevertheless, he backed the Confederacy financially once the war began. He sent his three sons to fight for the Confederate Army, losing his oldest son, Algernon Sidney Randolph, at the Battle of Vicksburg. With the war coming ever closer to Nottoway, Randolph decided to take 200 enslaved people to Texas, and grow cotton there while his wife, Emily, stayed at Nottoway with the youngest children, hoping that their presence would save it from destruction. The plantation was occupied by USA Army and Confederate troops. Though the grounds were damaged and the animals were taken, Nottoway survived the war with only a single grapeshot to the far left column that did not fall out until 1971.</p><br>
<p>With the emancipation of enslaved people, John Randolph contracted with 53 of his former bond people to continue working as laborers. When he returned to Nottoway after the Civil War, most, having few other choices, returned with him. The sugar business was not as profitable after the war, and by 1875, Nottoway was reduced to 800 acre. John Randolph died at Nottoway on September 8, 1883, leaving the plantation to his wife.</p><br>
<p>Emily Randolph sold the plantation in 1889 for $50,000, which she divided equally among her nine surviving children and herself. She died in Baton Rouge in 1904.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>The new owners of Nottoway were Désiré Pierre Landry and his father-in-law, Jean Baptiste Dugas, whose family owned the plantation until 1909 when Landrys widow sold Nottoway to sugar planter Alfonse Hanlon. Soon after, Hanlon lost Nottoway to foreclosure in 1913 due to crop failures the previous two years that resulted in tax problems and accrued medical bills by his wifes failing health. Dr. Whyte G. Owen purchased the plantation out of foreclosure for $10,000.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Owen, one-time Surgeon General of Louisiana, attempted to run the estate as a sugar plantation but was unsuccessful. He sold off 1,193 acre, keeping the house and surrounding property. After he died in 1949, Nottoway was inherited by his son Stanford who lived with his wife Odessa in the house until he died in 1974. After that, Odessa Owen lived alone in the massive house, trying to maintain it with her limited resources. Knowing she was unable to care for the house adequately, Owen sold the plantation to Arlin K. Dease in 1980, who had restored three other antebellum mansions, including the Myrtles Plantation in St. Francisville, Louisiana, with the caveat that she be allowed to live in the house until her death. After she died in 2003, the house ceased to be a private home. Dease restored Nottoway, working a crew of 40 to 60 men for 12 hours a day, and opened the house to the public three months after his purchase. Arlin Dease sold Nottoway to Paul Ramsay of Sydney, Australia, in 1985, after he had stayed at the property while in the area for business.</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<p>Under Ramsay&#39;s tenure, Nottoway has become a resort destination. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and is a popular tourist attraction in southern Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>Monterey Place, best known as the Shepard House, is a historic residence in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The house was designed by architect George Franklin Barber in 1897 for Charles Martin Shepard, the general passenger agent for the Mobile and Ohio Railroad in Mobile. Shepard&#39;s daughters, Kate and Isabel, began to use the house as a boarding school in 1910.</p><br>
<p>The house features elaborate Queen Anne details, eleven fireplaces, and several stained glass windows. The slightly later neighborhood surrounding the mansion, as well as the street, are also named Monterey Place. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 5, 1984.</p><br>
<p>St. Michaels Anglican Church  is a historic church and the oldest surviving religious structure in Charleston, South Carolina. It is located at Broad and Meeting streets on one of the Four Corners of Law, and represents ecclesiastical law. It was built in the 1750s by order of the South Carolina Assembly. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Michaels Church was built between 1751 and 1761 at the corner of Broad and Meeting streets on the site of the original wooden church built in 1681 by St. Philips Church, It had been damaged in a hurricane in 1710 and a new St. Philip&#39;s Church was built several blocks away on Church Street. In 1727, what was left of the old wooden church was demolished. During his 1791 visit to the city, President George Washington worshipped in pew no. 43 of the church. Robert E. Lee also worshipped here.</p><br>
<p>It is not known who designed St. Michael&#39;s, but it shows the influence of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, designed in the 1720s by James Gibbs. Samuel Cardy was the builder. The walls are of brick that was stuccoed over and painted white. The two-story portico facing Broad Street was the first of its size in colonial America and features Tuscan columns.</p><br>
<p>An organ by John Snetzler was fitted in 1768 but only the case remains; new organ 1994 by Kenneth Jones of Bray, Ireland.</p><br>
<p>In the north wall is a stained glass window that was given to the church in 1898 as a memorial to Mrs. E.A. Simons. The design of the window is a copy of "Easter Morning" using between 1800 and 2000 pieces in the six by ten foot window. It was created by Louis Lederlie for Tiffany Studios. Louis Tiffany spent two months on the decorative panels and dome of the chancel in 1905.</p><br>
<p>Another stained glass window is located in the chancel and depicts St. Michael conquering Satan; it is based on a work in the Louvre by Raphael. The window was made in New York and installed in 1893. The location had originally been a window, but the opening was enclosed in 1788 to prevent the spread of fires from adjacent buildings. In 1865, the wall was damaged by shelling during the Civil War, and the location of the window became apparent.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961, and it was included in the first promulgation of the National Register in 1966.</p><br>
<p>St. Michael&#39;s Churchyard, adjacent to the church, is the resting place of some famous historical figures, including two signers of the USA Constitution.</p><br>
<h2>Religious affiliation</h2><br>
<p>St. Michaels was originally affiliated with the Church of England. Following the American Revolution the church came under the jurisdiction of what is now the Episcopal Church of the United States. Currently it is a parish church of the Anglican Diocese of South Carolina. In 2012 long simmering disagreements over doctrine and church discipline caused the Episcopal Diocese of SC to disaffiliate from the Episcopal Church, over time becoming known as the Anglican Diocese of South Carolina. In June 2017 the diocese, and by extension St. Michaels, were received into the Anglican Church in North America. The parish continues to worship according to Anglican rites and traditions.</p><br>
<h2>Clock and bells</h2><br>
<p>The church houses a clock and change ringing bells dating from colonial times. The tower clock, which strikes the hours and quarters, was made by Aynsworth Thwaites Thwaites & Reed.</p><br>
<p>The tower bells are one of four sets (Grace Church Cathedral – Episcopal, The Cathedral Church of Saint Luke and Saint Paul, and Stella Maris Catholic church) in the Charleston area. The bells were cast in 1764 by Lester and Pack of London and recast in 1866 (in London again). One bell was returned to London in 1870 to be recast at the expense of Charleston.</p><br>
<p>St. Michael&#39;s Episcopal Church,c. 1887-1896.PNGThe perspective in this full front view taken between 1886 and 1896 is no longer possible because of the construction of the post office across Meeting Street from the church.</p><br>
<p>The Rectors Kitchen Alice Ravenel Huger Smith.jpgThe Rectors Kitchen and View of St. Michael&#39;s, Alice Ravenel Huger Smith, c. 1910&ndash;1915</p><br>
<p>St. Michael&#39;s Episcopal Church, Charleston, South Carolina (1919).jpg1919</p><br>
<p>St. Michaels Episcopal Church, 80 Meeting Street, Charleston (Charleston County, South Carolina).jpgSt. Michaels Church</p><br>
<p>St. Michael&#39;s graveyard, Charleston, SC IMG 4574.JPGGraveyard; among those interred is jurist John Rutledge.</p><br>
<p>The Penn Center, formerly the Penn School, is an African-American cultural and educational center in the Corners Community on Saint Helena Island. Founded in 1862 by Quaker and Unitarian missionaries from Pennsylvania, it was the first school founded in the Southern United States specifically for the education of African-Americans. It provided critical educational facilities to Gullah slaves freed after plantation owners fled the island, and continues to fulfill an educational mission. Leigh Richmond Miner photographed students and activities at the school.</p><br>
<p>The campus was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1974. Darrah Hall and Brick Baptist Church on the campus were declared part of Reconstruction Era National Monument in January 2017. In 2019, it became the Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, along with Fort Sumter.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Penn Center is located about one mile south of Frogmore on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. The 47 acre campus is divided by the road, and includes a number of historic buildings related to the original function as a school, including classrooms, living spaces for students, teachers, and administrators. The oldest building on the campus is the 1855 Brick Church, built by the plantation owners of the island.</p><br>
<p>At the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, Union Army forces quickly captured Saint Helena Island, prompting the local plantation owners to flee. The military administration of the island partitioned the old plantations, giving the land to the former slaves who lived there. The Penn School was established in 1862 by Laura Matilda Towne, an abolitionist missionary from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as a school for the freed slaves, which was named for William Penn, Quaker champion for human liberty and founder of Pennsylvania. For many years the work was financed by Philadelphia Quaker abolitionists. Ellen Murray, a Quaker teacher, joined her in the work. Charlotte Forten, born into a wealthy free black family in Philadelphia, joined them as the schools first black teacher. The Brick Church was used as an early meeting, educational, and administrative space, and the schools first dedicated educational building was constructed in 1864, from prefabricated parts shipped from Pennsylvania. The school remained an active educational institution, under the leadership of Rossa Cooley and Grace House, for the islands population until 1948, when the state took over public education on the island. The institution then became the Penn Center, with directors including Howard Kester, Courtney Siceloff, John Gadson, Joe McDomick and Emory Campbell, and continued an educational mission for the islands preschoolers and adults, as well as maintaining a museum, cultural center, and conference meeting space. With the creation of the Reconstruction Era National Monument (which in spring 2019 was elevated as an National Historic Park), Brick Baptist Church is protected by a Park Service building easement and Darrah Hall, on the campus of the Penn Center, has been deeded over to the Park Service, as well as the adjacent parking area.</p><br>
<p>Penn Center played an important part in the civil rights movement, as one of the few places in the Jim Crow south where interracial groups could meet. Martin Luther King and his staff of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference held retreats here in the 1960s. Gantt Cottage, on the Penn Campus, was where Dr. King stayed. A Retreat Center on the water was planned as a safer place for Dr. King to stay, but it was not completed before his death in 1968. It was, however, used by his associates, Rev. Andrew Young and Rev. James Bevel, during the Charleston Hospital Strike of 1969. Notable South Carolina figures in the civil rights movement, including Septima Clark, James McBride Dabbs, Esau Jenkins, and James Clyburn all had connections to Penn Center</p><br>
<h2>Penn Center Buildings</h2><br>
<p>Brick Baptist Church (1855) (32.389754917802804&deg; latitude, -80.57606867793497&deg; longitude), Although not part of Penn’s Campus, the Brick Church on the northeast border has always fulfilled a significant role in Penn’s History. Brick Church housed classes as Penn School moved from Oaks Plantation into their dedicated schoolhouse.</p><br>
<p>Penn Center Bell Tower (1865), located next to the Benezet House, the Bell Tower housed a brass bell modeled after the Liberty Bell and bearing the inscription "Proclaim Liberty". The bell is now on display at Penn Center&#39;s museum.</p><br>
<p>Darrah Hall (1882), the oldest building on Penn Center&#39;s campus, Darrah Hall has been a community nexus for over a hundred years.</p><br>
<p>Alden Sales House (1900), built by the students, Alden Sales House has been used as a thrift shop and milk house.</p><br>
<p>Hampton House (Penn Center) (1904) (32.388710&deg; latitude, -80.575835&deg; longitude), was used as on-site housing for teachers and guests.</p><br>
<p>Benezet House (1905) (32.388332&deg; latitude, -80.575288&deg; longitude), the female teachers and students used Benezet House as their on-campus residence and this house was the center of home economics training.</p><br>
<p>Cedar Cottage (1907), built to house Penn&#39;s single female teachers and nurse offices. Cedar Cottage is named after the abundant trees found on St. Helena Island.</p><br>
<p>Jasmine Cottage (1911), built by Penn&#39;s carpentry students to house teachers.</p><br>
<p>Cope Industrial Shop (1912) (32.387897&deg; latitude, -80.576541&deg; longitude), this building housed all of the harness-making, wheelwrighting, blacksmith, basketry, carpentry, and cobbling classes. The building today houses Penn Center&#39;s York W. Bailey Museum.</p><br>
<p>Emory S. Campbell Dining Hall (1917) (32.388493&deg; latitude, -80.575187&deg; longitude), originally built as a laundry, the Dining Hall accommodates up to a hundred people and provides a variety of local Gullah-Style foods to Conference Center guests.</p><br>
<p>Green Learning Center Rosenwald School (1920&#39;s), the learning center is utilized by the Program for Academic and Cultural Enrichment (PACE) as a daycare program.</p><br>
<p>Pine Grove Cottage (1921), built by students as housing for the school&#39;s superintendent, Pine Cottage is used today to house guests of Penn Center.</p><br>
<p>Lathers Memorial Dormitory (1922), was a memorial to Agnes Lathers, one of the early teachers at Penn. It was originally a dormitory for male students and teachers and is used today as administrative offices.</p><br>
<p>Frissell Community House (1925) (32.389411&deg; latitude, -80.576675&deg; longitude), built on the site of the original Penn Center schoolhouse, Frissell has been and is still used as a community gathering place, having even been used by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference for training and strategy meetings.</p><br>
<p>Butler Building (Penn Center) (1931), built by Penn students, the Butler Building originally served as the place of the home economics departments, the graduates’ meeting room, the boy’s clubhouse, exhibits, and the band room.</p><br>
<p>Arnett House (1937), was used as housing for students and teachers from South Carolina State University working in the county schools. It is currently used for conference guests.</p><br>
<p>The Potato House (1938), was used to stack sweet potatoes for curing. The Potato House is now fenced in and used for storage of farm machinery.</p><br>
<p>Gantt Cottage (1940), the current Gantt Cottage was built by Penn students as a replacement to the original. During the 1960&#39;s, Martin Luther King, Jr. stayed at Gantt Cottage as he visited Penn Center for meetings and there wrote his "I Have A Dream" speech.</p><br>
<p>Orchard Cottage (1942), built as a teacher&#39;s residence.</p><br>
<p>The Cannery (Penn Center) (1946), originally built as a dairy barn, the cannery has been used for canning tomato and processing Conch.</p><br>
<p>Retreat House and Dock (1968), built during the year of Martin Luther King, Jr.&#39;s death, the Retreat House was planned as a more scenic and meditative place for his meetings over the smaller Gantt Cottage.</p><br>
<p>The Convent and Academy of the Visitation, properly known today as the Visitation Monastery, is a historic complex of Roman Catholic religious buildings and a small cemetery in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The buildings and grounds were documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1937. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 24, 1992 as a part of Historic Roman Catholic Properties in Mobile Multiple Property Submission. It, along with the Convent of Mercy, is one of two surviving historic convent complexes in Mobile.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Convent of the Visitation was founded by Bishop Michael Portier, the first bishop of Mobile. Portier wished to found a convent for the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary so that they could provide education to girls in his diocese, due to a lack of schools. He obtained permission from Pope Gregory XVI for that purpose and in 1832 the first five sisters arrived from Georgetown.</p><br>
<p>The academy taught 40 students the first year and enrollment continued to increase up until a fire in May 1854 destroyed the buildings. Rebuilding of the convent commenced one month after the fire with a new quadrangle of buildings that form the core of the convent to the present day. Architect James Henry Hutchisson designed these buildings in a French Renaissance style. They were completed in 1855.</p><br>
<p>The academy had grown to include a high school and grammar school by the early 1900s. They were housed in a three-story school building on the west side of the quadrangle, built in 1900. Both had closed by 1952 and the former school building was demolished in 1953. The sisters then began a retreat house. The retreat continues into the present, hosting retreat groups for men, women, and adolescents, as well as a variety of other events. Numerous major restoration efforts were undertaken from 1985 to 1991. The interiors of Sacred Heart Chapel were completely restored beginning in 1998 with rededication late in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The major buildings include the quadrangle of French Renaissance Revival style buildings completed in 1855, in addition to several later structures. The Romanesque Revival Sacred Heart Chapel was completed on the grounds in 1895. A priest&#39;s house for visiting clerics was completed in 1899, in a stylistic blending of the Romanesque Revival and Gothic Revival styles. The grounds of the convent are enclosed with high brick walls, dating to the 1850s. In addition to the outer wall, inner walls separate the public and private areas of the main complex and also enclose a private cemetery for the Order of the Visitation. The graves are marked by simple white crosses.</p><br>
<p>The Page-Walker Hotel, also known as the Page-Walker Arts & History Center, is a historic house museum and former hotel located in Cary, North Carolina. The founder of the town of Cary, Allison Francis Page, built the Second Empire style hotel about 1868, and J. R. Walker bought it later. Page&#39;s son Walter Hines Page  was an American journalist, publisher, and diplomat.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From 1868 until 1916, passengers from the Southern and Seaboard Air Line railroads stayed at the Page-Walker Hotel. The building served as a boarding house and private residence from 1916 until 1980. After the business closed, the building sat vacant and deteriorated for five years until the Cary Town Council purchased the property. Volunteers restored the exterior of the hotel to its original design.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Arts & History Center also contains the Cary Heritage Museum, gallery exhibitions, educational rooms, an archive gallery, a smokehouse, and a garden. The Page-Walker Hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 29, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Events Today</h2><br>
<p>The Page-Walker currently hosts a variety of events such as weddings. Annually, they host a "Paint the Page" art contest in which young artists from grades 8-12 are invited to draw an aspect of the building that inspires them most.</p><br>
<p>The Sir Walter Hotel is the oldest surviving hotel building in Raleigh, North Carolina. Constructed between 1923 and 1924 on Fayetteville Street and named after Sir Walter Raleigh, the hotel was nicknamed North Carolina&#39;s "third house of government", due to its location and being a focal point for state political activity until the 1960s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Capital Construction Company was formed in 1923 to build a hotel in Raleigh to attract convention traffic that had been going to Greensboro and Durham. In January 1924, the Hotel Sir Walter opened. It was the largest building in the southern portion of Raleigh&#39;s business district. The hotel became the unofficial headquarters of the North Carolina Democratic Party, at the time the dominant political force in the state. By 1925, the Sir Walter was home to over 80 percent of the state legislature. In addition to legislators, the hotel was home to lobbyists, aides, jurors, newspapermen, businessmen and other influential individuals over the next three decades. For years liquor lobbyists rented Room 215 and every week delivered nine cases of bourbon there. Lobbyist would then distribute the bottles to legislators in brown paper bags. USA Senator Sam Ervin referred to the hotel as "the most politically saturated inn in America".</p><br>
<p>The Great Depression forced the buildings owners into bankruptcy in 1934. The hotel was leased to the North State Hotel Company in 1935 and fully renovated. After the company added 50 rooms in 1938, the hotel became the largest in the state and gave the Sir Walter a reputation as one of North Carolinas top convention hotels.</p><br>
<p>In 1956, the hotel was sold to the Robert Meyer hotel chain. During the 1960s, suburban motel development, the completion of the new state Legislative Building, and general downtown decline affected the hotel&#39;s business. The Meyer chain sold the hotel in 1964, and in 1967 owner John A. Williams donated the Hotel Sir Walter to the North Carolina State University Foundation. The $2 million hotel continued operating under the same management and employees. Profits from the hotel went to support student scholarships and financial aid. On February 13, 1968, the hotel briefly joined the Sheraton chain and was renamed the Sheraton-Sir Walter Hotel. In early 1969, the university sold the hotel to Plaza Associates for $1.84 million. Plaza then traded the hotel to developer Kidd Brewer on March 28, 1969 for the land on which the Crabtree Valley Mall would be built. The hotel left Sheraton soon after, returning to its original name.</p><br>
<p>By 1975, as downtown Raleigh decayed and demand for hotel rooms plummeted, the majority of the building had been converted to offices for the North Carolina Department of Transportation and other businesses. The building was sold to Goldsboro developer David Weil in 1978 and converted into the Sir Walter Apartments, housing 140 apartments for seniors. It was sold in 2017 to an Ohio-based developer who announced plans to restore it, possibly returning it to use as a hotel, offices or apartments. It was sold again on January 2, 2019, for $16.8 million to Capital Realty Group, which announced plans to renovate the structure but continue using it as senior housing.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Sir Walter is typical of American hotels of the 1920s. It is a 10-story imposing L-shaped building primarily made of brick, with classical stone ornamentation at the street and roof levels. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 11, 1978, as the Sir Walter Raleigh Hotel. The Sir Walter Hotel is now a designated Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph H. Rainey House, also known as the Rainey-Camlin House, is a historic house at 909 Prince Street in Georgetown, South Carolina. Built in the 1760s, after the Civil War it was the home of Joseph H. Rainey, the first black United States Congressman . Born into slavery and freed as a child by his parents, he served several terms, serving from 1870 into 1878. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Rainey</h2><br>
<p>Rainey, born a slave in 1832 in Georgetown, was freed by his parents. They had been enslaved but succeeded in buying their own freedom from saving money from being leased out. They bought his freedom. His parents became reasonably prosperous with a barbershop business in Charleston, South Carolina, where they moved in 1846. They also enabled Joseph to gain some private education.</p><br>
<p>In 1861 Rainey worked as a steward on a Confederate blockade-runner ship. After he was drafted in 1862 to serve the Confederacy as a laborer, he escaped with his wife to Bermuda. There he again worked as a barber, and borrowed books from friends and neighbors to continue his education.</p><br>
<p>In 1866, the Rainey couple returned to South Carolina. He became involved in politics after constitutional amendments were passed that gave African-American men the franchise. In 1868 Rainey was elected as a Republican to the South Carolina state senate. In 1870 he was selected to assume the USA Congress position denied to B. F. Whittemore on grounds of Whittemore&#39;s apparent corruption. He was reelected, and served four terms, finally losing election in 1878, as whites took back political power in the state.</p><br>
<p>He was the longest-serving Black congressman until William L. Dawson in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>As a Congressman he spoke vigorously in support of enforcement of the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871.</p><br>
<p>Rainey returned to his Georgetown home in 1886 and died in 1887.</p><br>
<h2>Home on Prince Street</h2><br>
<p>According to "local tradition", the house was Rainey&#39;s birthplace in 1832. His family was said to live here until they moved to Charleston in 1846.</p><br>
<p>More surely known is that "it was from here that he launched his political career in 1867," after the Civil War. While Rainey served in Congress, the house served as his district headquarters. He lived here when on recess from Congress.</p><br>
<p>The home on Prince Street in Georgetown is a single family clapboarded house. It is 2½ stories tall, with two chimneys and a hipped roof interrupted by hipped dormers. It was restored during 1973–74. Much of the home is original, including cypress paneling, pine floors, and wainscotting.</p><br>
<p>The home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and was declared a National Historic Landmark that year.</p><br>
<p>The Fossil Falls is a unique geological feature, located in the Coso Range of California in the United States. Volcanic activity in the mountain range, along with meltwater from glaciers in the nearby Sierra Nevada, played a role in the creation of the falls. They are located near the community of Little Lake, 1.0 mi off US 395  on Cinder Road to Red Hill, with signs to Fossil Falls.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>During the last ice age, glaciers formed in the Sierra Nevada. Meltwater from the glaciers pooled into large lakes, including Owens Lake and the Owens River. The river traveled through to Indian Wells Valley, and its course was diverted several times by volcanic activity. The falls were formed when the river was forced to divert its course over a basalt flow, polishing and reshaping the rock into a variety of unique shapes and forms.</p><br>
<p>All the lava flows at Fossil Falls are basaltic. The Coso Volcanic Field brought flows from the northeast and later Red Hill, which can be viewed from Fossil Falls, released the younger lava. The flows occurred between 400,000 years ago and 10,000 years ago. During this period, the glacial flows would run through Fossil Falls and smooth the vesicular basalt. The erosion found at Fossil Falls was formed by the youngest glacial runoff, called the Tioga, from the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range about 20,000 to 10,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the small gas vesicles in the basalt, there are large, perfectly circular penetrations in the basalt. These are erosional features called potholes. It is speculated that Red Hill cast out granitic detritus which fell into Fossil Falls. Water accelerates as it moves past the rocks. The relatively still water ahead forced the moving water to slow down and rotate to form an eddy. The high-velocity currents were enough to catch the granitic rocks from Red Hill and spiral them downwards in multiple vortices, drilling them into the basalt. Sediments would get trapped and continue to circularly erode the holes.</p><br>
<p>Fossil Falls originally started downstream from where it sits today; it moved upstream as waterfalls typically do. Water falling over the edge of the waterfall undercut the falls and caused them to move upstream and grow taller. This process is called plunge-pool erosion.</p><br>
<h2>Native Americans near Fossil Falls</h2><br>
<p>Bands of Native Americans, such as the Coso People, lived in the region as early as ten to twenty thousand years ago, camping along the now dry river. They harvested resources and hunted the large animals which lived there at the time. By 6000 BCE, however, these early inhabitants were forced by increasingly arid conditions to partially abandon the region. As conditions began to switch back to a relatively moderate climate at around 4000 BCE, Native Americans started to return to the area. They practiced a new culture, which emphasized using the resources available to them in the desert. The way of life that these people practiced survived until the 19th century, when the native tribe called the Little Lake Shoshone first made contact with Europeans.</p><br>
<p>Flakes of obsidian can be found in the area, for the Native Americans would camp near Fossil Falls and chip obsidian from the Coso Mountains to form their tools. The Fossil Falls archeological District is on the National Register of Historic Places. Fossil Falls is protected as an area of Critical Environmental Concern by the Bureau of Land Management.</p><br>
<p>Snow&#39;s Island is an area of swampy lowlands along the Pee Dee River in Florence County, South Carolina. The area is historically significant as the headquarters during the American Revolutionary War for forces led by Francis Marion , a South Carolina militia officer who is celebrated as the "Swamp Fox." Employing guerrilla war tactics, Marion significantly contributed to the American war effort by conducting numerous raids on British outposts." The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Snow&#39;s Island is located in a remote and swampy area of Florence County, on private land south of the main channel of the Pee Dee River east of Johnsonville.</p><br>
<p>The property is not open to the public, but may be visible from the end of Dunham Bluff Road, off USA Route 378 on the north side of the river. The contours of the land have been altered over time due to logging activities that have changed the course of the river, and there are no definitively identified remains associated with the American Revolutionary War period.</p><br>
<p>The site was in 1780 a plantation, whose exact boundaries have not been identified, and the area has been logged several times and used as a private hunting preserve.</p><br>
<h2>Marion&#39;s stronghold</h2><br>
<p>The area&#39;s historical significance lies in its four-month occupation by the militia forces of General Francis Marion, who orchestrated guerilla-style attacks on British targets from this base between December 1780 and March 1781. At that time, British forces dedicated to locating Marion found the camp and destroyed it; Marion and most of his band of several hundred men were not there at the time. The only known potential artifact associated with the Marion occupation is an earthen formation that may be a military defensive works.</p><br>
<p>At the time of the American Revolution, this so-called “island,” named after an early owner of the property, comprised about five square miles (metric area) of the largely undeveloped swamp bounded by the Lynches and Pee Dee rivers and Clark’s Creek.</p><br>
<p>The canopy of cypress and pines, and the dense understory of “cane breaks, briars, and vines” offered an ideal sanctuary for Marion’s rebel militia who were pursued by British and Loyalist forces seeking to eradicate them. The abundant fish and game was sufficient to sustain his soldiers numbering at their peak, perhaps 250 men. Snow’s Island, as occupied by Marion, formed a complex of multiple camps that afforded mobility to his troops in defending the stronghold, surrounded by farms of both patriot and loyalist families.</p><br>
<p>Marion’s moniker as the “Swamp Fox” is largely associated with his sojourn on Snow’s Island, eliciting comparisons to the mythology of Robin Hood and the Sherwood Forest, including legends of his largesse to patriot families from plunder taken from British and Loyalist resources. Little evidence exists that Marion was addressed as “The Swamp Fox” in his lifetime.</p><br>
<p>In early 1781, shortly after the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in March of 1781, Marion’s forces dealt a blow to British forces under John Watson Tadwell Watson at the Sampit River outside Georgetown, and just 30 miles from Snow’s Island.</p><br>
<p>While operating 30-miles south of his base at Snow Island, Marion was informed that a Loyalist force under Lieutenant John Doyle had penetrated his island refuge and overwhelmed the small patriot force left to defend it, seven who were killed. When Marion returned to assess the damage he found its supplies despoiled and structures burned. As such, he decided to abandon the former stronghold.</p><br>
<p>The only known struction associated with the Marion occupation is an earthen formation that may be a military defensive works.</p><br>
<p>The Colonel John Stuart House is a historic house at 104-106 Tradd Street in Charleston, South Carolina. Built in 1772, four years before the American Revolution, it is the citys oldest known example of a side-hall plan house. It is nationally significant as the home of Colonel John Stuart, who was the Kings Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the South. He improved relations with the Five Civilized Tribes, especially the Cherokee Nation between the Seven Years&#39; War and the American Revolutionary War. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Stuart House is located in historic downtown Charleston, at the northwest corner of Tradd and Orange Streets. It is a three-story wood frame structure, with a hip roof, flushboarded front, and clapboarded side and rear walls. The main facade faces south, with the front entrance in the leftmost of three bays, flanked by fluted Corinthian columns and topped by a rounded transom window entablature and gabled denticulated pediment. Windows on the first two levels are topped by gabled and bracketed pediments, with bracketed lintels. Third floor windows, which butt against the eave, have a simpler hood above. The building interior is arranged with a long hall on the left, with the main stair at its rear. A significant number of it interior finishes are high-quality and careful 20th-century reproductions of the originals, which were moved to a museum in 1930.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed for sale in January 1864, and an advertisement described "hat handsome and commodious RESIDENCE" at the corner of Tradd and Orange Streets in extensive details: "The house was built in the Colonial times, in the finest style and of the best materials, which are still perfectly sound. It contains nine rooms and a wide entrance hall, extending its entire length. The drawing room, measuring about thirty feet by twenty-one, is very handsomely finished, and communicates with a chamber about twenty-one feet square. The parlor and dining room are also handsomely finished, and about twenty-one feet square. The basement contains a billiard room, store room and ample apartments for wood and coal. The attic is plastered, and divided into one room and four large wine closets, well shelved. On the roof, which was covered a few years ago with the best Welch (sic) slates, is a tastefully constructed lookout, commanding a beautiful view of the city and its surroundings. On the west there are fine double piazzas, with Venetian blinds. The entire building was put in complete order a few years ago. Attached to the house is a new brick building, containing a large pantry with every convenience, and a kitchen with a superior cooking range. The outbuildings are new, and of brick, and contain a laundry and five sleeping rooms, all plastered and glazed, and with fireplaces. A carriage house well paved with stone, and a fine stable for three horses (sic) There is also on the premises a large and remarkably well constructed cistern, besides a well. On the two streets are substantial brick walls, and a handsome iron fence. The lot measures about one hundred and ten (110) feet, by about one hundred and fifty (150); all the buildings being on one half of it, and the other half divided into a shrubbery and garden. The house is well supplied with gas."</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1772 for John Stuart, a native of Scotland who came to North America in 1746. In 1762 he was appointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the southern British colonies, in which role he was involved in maintaining peaceful relations with the Native American tribes of the region, in particular the Five Civilized Tribes. Politically Loyalist as relations deteriorated between the colonies and Great Britain, Stuart was arrested in 1775 for inciting the Natives against the colonists in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. He escaped imprisonment, and fled to West Florida, where he directed Native activities in opposition to the rebel colonists until his death in 1779.</p><br>
<p>Tally-Ho Plantation House, is a historic mansion located along River Road in Bayou Goula, Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>Iberville Parish records show that Tally-Ho site was owned by Jean Fleming, a free man of color, sometime before 1835. There were several more owners after Fleming. John Dobbins Murrell, a slaveholder from Virginia bought the sugar plantation in 1848, and it has remained in the family ever since. The home is said to have been moved back from the Mississippi River twice and the main house burned in 1945. The name Tally Ho is said to reflect Murrells fox-hunting background. The current house is what was used as the overseers home. It is a raised Acadian cottage with Greek Revival influences.</p><br>
<p>The plantation&#39;s river dock was the site of showboat performances. The New Sensations, the first of the Mississippi River troubadours, stopped there in 1878 to perform a vaudeville-type show. The barn, office and a slave cabin remain down a side road.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 20, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Watchman Lookout Station No. 168 is one of two fire lookout towers in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon. For many years, National Park Service personnel used the lookout to watch for wildfires during the summer months. It is also a common hiking destination because of its views of Crater Lake and the surrounding area. The building is unusual because it serves the dual purpose of fire lookout and museum. The Watchman Lookout Station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Watchman Lookout Station is located 8,025 feet above sea level on Watchman Peak, a high point on the western rim above Crater Lake. Watchman Peak was named by William Gladstone Steel in 1886 when he brought a survey team to Crater Lake to measure its depth. The lookout structure (designated "Building 168") was constructed in 1932, and served the dual purpose of fire lookout and trail museum. The lookout location was selected by Merel S. Sager of the National Park Service Landscape Division.</p><br>
<p>Early detection and prompt suppression of forest fires was a primary responsibility of the National Park Service. Lookouts, like the one on Watchman Peak, were located on heights overlooking great expanses of forest area. The Watchman tower was part of the fire detection network for Crater Lake National Park which included a number of National Park Service, United States Forest Service and Bureau of Indian Affairs lookouts. A trained observer, usually a park ranger, staffed the lookout and kept in contact with the fire dispatcher at the park headquarters on short-wave radio. During the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps also provided observers. The National Park Service staffed the Watchman Lookout Station during fire season until 1974 and intermittently since then.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Watchman Lookout Station has significant interpretive value. Since the lookout was built, there has been a major philosophical change in how forest managers deal with wildfires. The Watchman tower provides visitors the opportunity to experience the essential elements of 1930s-era fire lookout. The accessibility of the site, the unobstructed view on all sides, and the use of native materials that blend the structure into the surrounding landscape combine to make the Watchman Lookout Station a unique and historically significant structure. As a result, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The second floor is a four-sided observation room entirely enclosed in glass with a 17 ft by 17 ft catwalk around the outside. The first floor was built into the hill-top so the buildings footprint is somewhat irregular. Therefore, the lookouts second story is supported by a steel frame rather than resting entirely on the first floor structure. The lookout&#39;s native stone and log construction helps blend the structure into its mountain top environment. There is also a stone parapet in front of building that overlooks Crater Lake, 1,849 feet below.</p><br>
<h2>Watchman trail</h2><br>
<p>The trail to Watchman Lookout Station is approximately three-quarters of a mile up a modest grade. To reach the trailhead from Crater Lake National Park&#39;s Rim Village, take Rim Drive north 4 miles to a well marked pull-off parking area. The trail begins about 100 yards south of the parking area. The trail is normally open from mid-July through October.</p><br>
<p>The Central Library is a three-story public library branch in the downtown core of Portland, Oregon, United States. Opened in 1913, it serves as the main branch of the Multnomah County Library system. In 1979, the Georgian style building was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Central Building, Public Library. The library underwent major structural and interior renovations in the mid 1990s. The library also underwent a refresh in 2023.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Library Association of Portland was formed in 1864. After going through several locations during the first half-century of existence, the library board decided on a new large main branch for downtown Portland in 1911. The building was designed by architect A. E. Doyle, and opened on September 6, 1913. It was one of the first libraries in the United States to feature an open plan design of the interior. Construction on the building lasted for two years and cost $480,000 to complete.</p><br>
<p>The Central Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Central Building, Public Library on June 11, 1979. On July 1, 1990, the private Library Association of Portland officially transferred ownership of the library to Multnomah County. From 1902 until that date, the association owned the collections and buildings, but the operations were paid for by the local governments. From 1994 to 1997, the Central Library underwent an extensive renovation and seismic retrofitting. The entire roof of the building was removed and completely rebuilt, while the interior was remodeled and restored. During the renovation, the library collection was moved to the nearby Fifth Avenue Building (the former State Office Building). Library patrons still had access to the collection during the reconstruction. The Central Library was closed in March 2023 to undergo a refresh, which maintained the core characteristics while providing more functional spaces. It was reopened in February 2024.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>Architecturally, the building was designed in the Georgian style. The main staircase at the library has a total of 92 steps. Artwork at the location includes the "Tree of Knowledge" by Dana Louis. The exterior walls are covered with Wilkinson Sandstone.</p><br>
<p>The branch is home to the Beverly Cleary Children&#39;s Library and the Henry Failing Art and Music Library. Other features include the Sterling Room for Writers, the Collins Gallery on the third floor, and the John Wilson Room. A total of 130 computer terminals are available to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Teackle Mansion is a historic estate at 11736 Mansion Street, Princess Anne, Maryland, United States. It was constructed between 1802 and 1819 for Littleton Dennis Teackle and his wife Elizabeth Upshur Teackle. It is notable for its Neoclassical architecture with many distinctive features, and its 19th century period rooms. It is the home of the Somerset County Historical Society, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>It is mentioned in the novel The Entailed Hat by George Alfred Townsend.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>Named for Newton E. Noyes, the Noyes Building is the administrative building on the Snow College campus, which is located in Ephraim, Utah. It houses both the administrative offices and the mathematics department. The money to build the Noyes building was entirely earned by the Ephraim community through the sale of their "Sunday eggs," the eggs their chickens laid on Sundays. The building has been listed as Snow Academy Building on the National Register of Historic Places since November 20, 1987. It was designed by Richard C. Watkins.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story brick and stone building which was built during 1899 to 1908. It is primarily Classical Revival in style.</p><br>
<p>The H Street Playhouse was a black box theater and gallery located in the Atlas District of Washington, D.C. Home to resident companies Scena Theatre, Theater Alliance and Forum Theatre, the Playhouse also hosted African Continuum Theatre Company, Musefire, Landless Theater Company, Theater Blue, Journeymen Theater Company, Madcap Players, Solas Nua, Restoration Stage, Capitol Renaissance Theatre, and Barnstormers. After opening its doors in 2001, the H Street Playhouse, with Theater Alliance, was at the forefront of a movement to develop and revitalize the H Street commercial corridor. The H Street Playhouse closed in 2012.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built in 1928 by William Oshinsky and leased to businesses or was vacant during his ownership of the property from construction to 1959.</p><br>
<p>The building was originally occupied by Sams Garage and Moller Motors according to the 1928 Business Directory. There is no evidence that the building was custom built for their intended use. Evidence and circumstance suggests that the building was built speculatively to capitalize on the demand for automobiles and the significant growth and flux of the automobile sales industry. In June 1928, the Hupmobile distributor in D.C. was listed as Mott Motors, Inc. with sales and service at 1507 14th St., NW and Union Station Garage at 50 H St., NE. An article headlined as NEW HUPMOBILE IS IN BIG DEMAND&#39; in the Washington Herald on Sunday July 15, 1928, stated: said TT Mott Washington, distributor. This situation as well as the pressure exerted by competing car companies and models, such as the new Plymouth 4 (model Q) introduced in July 1928, most probably encouraged Mott to expand to the 1300 block of H Street, NE.</p><br>
<p>In 1929 and 1930, the building at 1365 H St NE was occupied as a branch automobile showroom of Mott Motors, Inc., owned by Thomas T. Mott. The main showroom was located at 1512–1520 14th Street NW listed as a Hupmobile Dealership. Another Mott showroom was located at 1738 14th Street NW. This was a short-lived venture at 1365 H St NE that appears to have ceased in the early thirties. In 1930, Thomas T. Mott lived in Bethesda, Maryland. One other Hupmobile dealership located in Washington, D.C., was owned by Sterret and Fleming, located on Champlain Street at Kalorama Rd NW and 1223 Connecticut Avenue NW.</p><br>
<p>In 1931 the building was occupied by Nash RJ Motor Co. In 1932 and 33, Nash Rohr Barsky, Inc. was listed as the occupant of 1365 H Street. In 1934 it was occupied by Kingston-Otey Motors. The building was occupied by Duke & Otey Motors, Inc. from 1935 to 1939. From 1940 to 1942, Duke & Cooksey were listed as occupants of the building.</p><br>
<p>By 1943 the property began a period of volatility and adaptive reuses. This period lasted from 1943 until the Oshinskys sold the building in 1959. At various times in this period, the building was vacant.</p><br>
<p>The Plymouth Theatre motion picture theater was created as a neighborhood theater for Black people with its grand opening in 1943. Morris Hallett was the architect for this adaptive reuse that took the former Plymouth car salesroom and converted it into a 400-seat (300-seat by some accounts) movie theater. The remodeling cost $3,500. In 1945, Ike Weiner took it over until it closed in 1952. The property was listed by the City Directory as vacant in 1954 and was likely vacant from the time the theater closed in 1952 until 1955.</p><br>
<p>King Furniture Company was located at 8203 Georgia Avenue in Silver Spring, Maryland. In 1955 they expanded to include 1365 H Street as one of their furniture stores. This lasted until 1957, when both King Furniture and the Jet Arena were listed in the telephone directory of that year.</p><br>
<p>Roller Rink Jet Arena was listed in the telephone directory in one edition of the 1957 telephone directory under skating rinks.</p><br>
<p>King Furniture in the white pages of the telephone directory published in September, 1958, 1365 H Street is listed as the only location for King Furniture.</p><br>
<p>According to Congressional Title, in 1959 the building was sold by the Oshinskys to Clements Printing, a long-standing business in the 1300 block of H Street and occupied this building from 1959 until 1984.</p><br>
<p>Frenchs Restaurant was operated by John French, former Vice President with McDonalds Corporation, who purchased the property from Clements Printing in 1984 and completed a renovation to open a southern soul food restaurant. This restaurant operated until the end of 2001 upon sale of the building to Adele and Bruce Robey. The Robeys, publishers of the local newspaper, Voice of the Hill and proprietors of Phoenix Graphics, purchased the building with the sole purpose of converting the building to a live theater venue.</p><br>
<p>The Alvin T. Smith House is a two-story home on Elm Street in Forest Grove, Oregon, United States. Completed in 1856, it is the second oldest building in the city and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. A Greek Revival style house, it was built by pioneer Alvin T. Smith beginning in 1854.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Alvin Smith settled on a 643 acre farm on the Tualatin Plains south of what became West Tuality Plains in 1841. He and his wife were the first permanent Euro-American settlers in the area that would later become Forest Grove. An earlier cabin on the property was destroyed in a flood, and their second cabin later became a post office. In 1854, he and his wife Abigail began the construction of a new home. Alvin was a trained carpenter and did the work himself. Construction finished in 1856, and is the second oldest wood-framed building in Forest Grove after Old College Hall at Pacific University. Abigail died in 1858, with Alvin continuing to live in the home with his second wife Jane until 1870. The couple moved to downtown Forest Grove, but continued to own the property.</p><br>
<p>Alvin died in 1888, and Jane leased the house until around 1920 when she died.</p><br>
<p>The Alvin T. Smith House was one of only two structures in Forest Grove that were documented for the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The next owner sold the estate to the Zurcher family circa 1940. The house was abandoned around 1990.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the Friends of Historic Forest Grove began plans to purchase the home and restore it. The group worked with the Oregon Historic Preservation Office to purchase the property.</p><br>
<p>In 2015 the A.T. Smith House was named one of Oregon&#39;s Most Endangered Places by Restore Oregon.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>The home sits on a 2.2 acre site on the south side of Forest Grove off Oregon Route 47, in what was once the town of Carnation.</p><br>
<p>Smith House is of a classical Greek Revival design with a side hall floor plan. The gabled side serves as the front of the structure. The two-story building includes a basement. The basement consists of stone walls with brick on the top as the foundation. The basement remained cool and was utilized as storage for perishables such as fruit and vegetables.</p><br>
<p>Above ground, rough-hewn logs were used, as were wooden pegs to hold the timbers in place. Smith hewed the timber by hand using a broad ax. On the main floor there are multiple doors between the same room to allow for church meetings. There were no church buildings in the early days of the community, so religious services were held in private homes. The home has wood floors, with two bedrooms on the second floor. All the windows are partitioned windows. Most of the original structure remains.</p><br>
<h2>Namesake</h2><br>
<p>Alvin Thompson Smith (1802–1888) was born in Connecticut and moved to the Oregon Country in 1840. The next year he moved to the Tualatin Plains near what became Forest Grove. There he represented the area at the Champoeg Meetings in 1843 and helped support Tualatin Academy and to found Pacific University. Smith was postmaster from 1851 to 1855.</p><br>
<p>The Varner–Hogg Plantation State Historic Site is a historical site operated by the Texas Historical Commission. The site was the home of former Governor of Texas James S. Hogg and his family. The site is located outside West Columbia, in Brazoria County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property was originally the home of Martin Varner, one of the Old Three Hundred and a veteran of the Texas Revolution. Varner raised corn, cattle and sugar cane on the land, and enslaved at least two people there. Varner may have distilled rum from the sugar cane.</p><br>
<p>In 1834, Varner sold his holdings to Columbus R. Patton, representing his father, John D. Patton. The plantation was known as the Patton Plantation through the rest of the 19th century. The Pattons built what is now the main house on the same site as Varner&#39;s cabin. The Patton family developed the property into a sugar plantation. Columbus Patton brought enslaved people with him from Kentucky, and in 1833, sixty-six people were enslaved on the 13,500 acres of land.</p><br>
<p>Several members of the Patton family were active in the Texas Revolution, and one, William H. Patton, was aide-de-camp to Sam Houston. William was part of the group that guarded Antonio López de Santa Anna after his capture at the Battle of San Jacinto. Santa Anna was briefly held at the Patton Plantation.</p><br>
<p>Columbus Patton was declared insane in 1854, at which time his property was placed under the control of Brazoria County farmer and merchant John Adriance. Upon Pattons death in 1856, the estate was placed into probate, since Patton had died intestate. Soon after Pattons death, Adriance found Pattons 1853 will. Pattons will not only left a bulk of his estate to his nieces but also stipulated that four of the enslaved people not be hired out, be allowed to choose their residence among Pattons heirs, and receive $100 per year until their death. One of the people mentioned in his will was his enslaved mistress, Rachel. However, although his will was found, Pattons nieces and nephews disputed it in court. Eventually, when a partial agreement was reached in 1857, Rachel was given her financial support and freedom to move among Patton family-owned properties. Patton&#39;s family gave a portion of the land to Adriance but eventually regained control of the property. They sold it by 1869.</p><br>
<p>The property was run through a convict lease system through the Texas prison system until the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 knocked down most of the buildings but left the farmhouse intact.</p><br>
<p>Former Governor Jim Hogg bought the property in 1902. Although the family used it as a second home, Hogg intended to use it as an investment. He was convinced that there was a great deal of oil on the grounds and began drilling soon after the purchase, but he died in 1906, 14 years before oil was found. The 1920 oil strike proved to be the cornerstone of his children&#39;s wealth.</p><br>
<p>The family leased the property for livestock grazing and farming. The Governor&#39;s daughter, Ima Hogg, refurbished the house, and in 1958, she donated it to the state to commemorate her father and the heroes of Texas and America. During her renovations, Ima Hogg chose to assign each room of the house to a period of Texas history.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and description</h2><br>
<p>The site is located on Farm to Market Road 2852 off State Highway 35, two miles north of West Columbia. The site is near 66 acre in size. Varner Creek runs through the property.</p><br>
<p>An 1835-era farmhouse, refurbished by Miss Ima, is located on the site. The house and other buildings represent antebellum Texas plantation life. The National Register of Historic Places listed the property on April 9, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Old Silk Stocking Neighborhood is the historic district near downtown Kokomo, Indiana, and the Westside Business District. In 1886, natural gas was discovered in north central Indiana. The area exploded with people, who then developed the neighborhood. This historic area of town was the place where lawyers, doctors, industrialists and even a mayor would come to build their turn of the century residences.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood is bounded by Washington Street to the east, Philips Street to the west, Wildcat Creek to the south and Taylor Street to the North. Major roadways traversing through the Old Silk Stocking Neighborhood include Sycamore Street (Indiana State Road 22) running east and west and Washington Street and Philips Street traveling north and south. Recently in 2005, Sycamore Street (SR 22) began a complete redesign resulting in an addition of a center turn lane, as well as old-fashioned lighting and ornamental trees with construction ending in late 2006.</p><br>
<p>On December 22, 2008, the neighborhood was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its official boundaries are "W. Jackson St. on the N., Washington St. on the E., Wildcat Creek in the S., Phillips St. on the W.".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Old Silk Stocking Neighborhood is an eclectic mix of architectural styles including Victorian, Neo-Jacobean, Queen Anne, Bungalow, Tudor Revival, Colonial Revival, and Romanesque Revival.</p><br>
<h2>Landmarks</h2><br>
<h3>Howard County Historical Society and Museum</h3><br>
<p>The Howard County Museum is located on West Sycamore Street and inhabits the Seiberling Mansion, the Elliott House, as well as two historic carriage houses owned by the two families which built the two massive residences. The Howard County Museum is open during the week and showcases local history including information about the founders of Kokomo, and the Seiberlings. Also available by the museum is a live reenactment of the marriage of Monroe Seiberling&#39;s daughter, as well as a venue for local weddings.</p><br>
<p>The Seiberling Mansion is an 1887 house built by manufacturing magnate Monroe Seiberling. It was separately listed on the National Register in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Elliott House is located next door to the Seiberling Mansion and is home to the Kokomo Symphonic Society, as well as a few professional offices. The Elliott Carriage house was recently renovated to house the Stan Mohr Local History Library. After the original residents of the Elliott House moved out, the house was purchased and was used for a location for Indiana University Kokomo, until it moved to its current location on South Washington Street.</p><br>
<h4>Christmas at the Seiberling</h4><br>
<p>During the holiday season, the Seiberling Mansion and the Elliott House host a plethora of events for all ages to enjoy. One of the most striking features of the holiday events would be the lighting of both the Seiberling Mansion, Elliott House and the grounds accommodating both buildings. Activities held at the Howard County Historical Society would include horse-drawn carriage rides, pictures with Santa Claus, a gingerbread competition, as well as touring the decorated mansion. Also available during this time are Choralier performances and refreshments.</p><br>
<h2>Religious Centers</h2><br>
<p>Of the large variety of religious centers within the Old Silk Stocking Neighborhood area, St. Andrew&#39;s Episcopal Church and Highland Park Church are two of the more prominent churches within the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>A list of religious centers within the neighborhood include:</p><br>
<p>St. Andrew&#39;s Episcopal Church</p><br>
<p>Highland Park Church</p><br>
<p>St. Thomas the Apostle Orthodox Christian Church</p><br>
<p>First Congregational UCC</p><br>
<p>Fresh Start Ministries</p><br>
<p>The Father&#39;s House Church</p><br>
<p>Temple B&#39;nai Israel</p><br>
<h2>Parks</h2><br>
<h3>Foster Park</h3><br>
<p>Christened in 1921 and named after David Foster, the founder of Kokomo, this park is home to the Senior Citizen&#39;s Center, tennis courts, basketball courts, a softball diamond, as well as an outdoor concert venue. Another feature to this park is the Wildcat Walk of Excellence which runs through the park connecting Foster Park to Miller-Highland Park.</p><br>
<h3>Miller-Highland Park</h3><br>
<p>Better known as U.C.T. Ballpark by local residents, this park boasts two little-league baseball diamonds, Indian trails, as well as two playgrounds.</p><br>
<h2>Businesses</h2><br>
<p>Guardian Angel Hospice Foundation, Inc.</p><br>
<p>Crazy J&#39;s Ice Cream</p><br>
<p>Templin Barber Shop</p><br>
<p>Horoho Printing</p><br>
<p>Kokomo Smile Creations</p><br>
<p>File:WildcatCreek.jpgWildcat Creek, Foster Park located on the Left, Kokomo Beach Family Aquatic Center on the Right</p><br>
<p>File:TemplinBarbershopKokomo.jpgTemplin Barber Shop</p><br>
<p>File:SycamoreStDusk.JPGSycamore St. at Dusk</p><br>
<p>File:StAndrewsEpiscopalChurchKokomo.JPGSt. Andrews Episcopal Church</p><br>
<p>The Lake Norconian Club is a historic former hotel/resort in Norco, California, opened in 1929, sited in a rural community, whose main businesses were poultry, rabbits, and agriculture. It was later known as The Norconian  and Clarks Hot Springs. The resort complex is still largely intact, after over 70 years as a naval base and prison. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The listing included seven contributing buildings, five contributing structures, and a contributing site.</p><br>
<h2>Creation</h2><br>
<p>In 1920, after years of land speculation in the San Diego/Julian area of California, Rex Brainerd Clark (May, 1876 &ndash; August 31, 1955), through his North Corona Land Company, purchased 15 square miles of land just north of Corona. The land was a failed agricultural community known as "Orchard Heights", but Clark renamed this hilly area "Norco", based on its position North of Corona. In less than three years, Clark&#39;s engineer, "Captain" Cuthbert Gulley (April 30, 1878 &ndash; 1961) &ndash; so named for his service in World War I &ndash; laid out streets and installed pumps and reservoirs and on May 13, 1923, "Norco" held its grand opening. In 1925, Gulley, while drilling a well, struck hot mineral water, giving rise to the idea of a health spa that would ultimately become The Norconian.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the resort began in 1926, and consisted of a golf course, grounds, airfield, hiking trails, Lake Norconian pavilion, chauffeurs quarters, garage, powerhouse, laundry, and a "clubhouse", which consisted of a first class hotel, two indoor bath complexes, ornate ballroom, dining room and lounge, and the first outdoor Amateur Athletic Union-qualifying swimming and diving pools in Southern California. They remained the only qualifying pools until those that were built in Los Angeles for the 1932 Summer Olympics. The clubhouse architect was Dwight Gibbs, who was also responsible for the Carthay Circle Theatre and the Pasadena Playhouse interior. The outbuildings were designed by G. Stanley Wilson, who also designed Riversides Mission Inn. All the interiors were designed by A. B. Heinsbergen, who also designed the Pantages Theatre chain. The golf course was designed by John Duncan Dunn.</p><br>
<h2>Success</h2><br>
<p>The Lake Norconian Club opened on February 2, 1929. It was renamed The Norconian on January 20, 1931, so travelers would not be confused and think the resort was a private club.</p><br>
<p>The resort was initially a great success, with film and sports stars as regular visitors. It was not unusual to see Buster Keaton or Babe Ruth on the golf course. In 1938, actress Lona Andre set a new record for speed in women&#39;s golf, shooting 156 holes in 11 hours and 56 minutes. Norma Shearer shot two films at the resort and could be seen riding the trails on horseback on many occasions. Will Rogers, who also shot several films in the vicinity, regularly used the Norconian air field.</p><br>
<p>In 1933, noted aviator Marshall S. Boggs, who piloted the first "blind" landing entirely using radio signals in 1931, crashed and was killed while making a routine approach to the airfield.</p><br>
<p>The outdoor diving and swimming pools were in constant use for exhibition matches and AAU-sanctioned competitions, and many Olympic-caliber athletes swam and dove there, including Mickey Riley, Buster Crabbe, Esther Williams, Sammy Lee, Dorothy Poynton, Georgia Coleman, Duke Kahanamoku, Arne Borg and many others. On May 20, 1928, the Norconian pools&#39; grand opening was held &ndash; the resort opened in stages &ndash; and 18-year-old Cecily Cuhna, heir to the Cuhna fortune, set the world record for the 400-meter swim.</p><br>
<p>Some of the fastest speedboat races of the day were held on Lake Norconian. Participants included noted female racer Loretta Turnbull ("The Queen of the Seas") and her boat "The Sunkist Kid".</p><br>
<p>A number of films were shot at the resort &ndash; three in 1929 alone, including location shooting for the Joe E. Brown pre-Code musical film, Top Speed. The site became so popular that Fox Studios built complete Norconian sets in their Hollywood sound stages. Norma Talmadge&#39;s first "talkie", New York Nights, premiered in nearby Corona, with dozens of Hollywood stars in attendance. Before and after the premiere, many of them stayed at The Norconian.</p><br>
<h2>The Great Depression</h2><br>
<p>The Norconian began to struggle during the Great Depression, and by 1933, the resort was closed. After his divorce from Grace Scripps, Rex Clark was struggling financially. Norco was in the midst of a seven-year drought, and the agricultural success of the 1920s was all but a memory. In 1935 the resort suddenly reopened, likely due to a cash infusion from Rex Clarks former wifes trust fund. The Norconian sputtered along with some landmark occasions. In 1938, Walt Disney Studios, to celebrate the success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, threw a party that has become legendary. The same year MGM tossed their own party at the resort, and in 1940 Fox studios followed suit. During this era, Jeanette MacDonald, Joan Crawford, Basil Rathbone, Stan Laurel and other stars regularly visited the Norconian, as did sports stars Lou Nova (boxer), Helen Wills (tennis), local star Jess Hill (USC coach and star, New York Yankees) and the Pitt football team of 1935.</p><br>
<p>Nevertheless, for a decade the resort had been in constant jeopardy of closing amidst back taxes owed, mechanics liens, labor issues and debt owed to creditors. After a name change to "Clarks Hot Springs" in 1940, the resort closed for good.</p><br>
<h2>Naval hospital</h2><br>
<p>In September–October 1941, the United States Navy purchased the resort, and on December 8, 1941, the day after Pearl Harbor, the resort was commissioned the United States Naval Hospital in Corona. The hospital was located in the city of Corona at that time, but when the City of Norco was established in 1964, the hospital was officially located in Norco, as was the post office, which is now called the Norco Post Office. Almost immediately, the Navy held up payment, and Rex Clark spent four long years in court fighting for the $2,000,000 promised by the federal government. He eventually won the suit, but it is unclear exactly what the amount of the judgment was.</p><br>
<p>The first patients arrived from the Pearl Harbor attack and were housed and treated in the rooms of the former resort. The facility was quickly altered and expanded to include isolation wards &ndash; the hospital was the designated national tubercular and malaria treatment center for the United States Navy as well as the Naval Pacific Coast Polio facility &ndash; a 200,000 ft&sup2; ward addition which was christened by Eleanor Roosevelt, a chapel, complete theater, gymnasium where wheelchair basketball was born on the wheels of "The Rolling Devils", a nurses quarters, and corpsman quarters, among other facilities. At the hospitals peak in 1945, over 5,000 patients were being treated. Many firsts occurred at the hospital: the first use of penicillin for tubercular patients, the first air transportation of Naval patients across the United States with final destination in Norco, the first uses of polio vaccine outside of Pittsburgh, the first hand-held X-ray machines, as well as advances in prosthetic devices and occupational therapy. Actress Kay Francis was in charge of hospital morale, and she saw to it that many of the stars who frequented the resort now entertained the patients, including The Three Stooges, the Marx Brothers, Abbott and Costello, James Cagney and Clark Gable.</p><br>
<p>The hospital closed temporarily in 1949 and re-opened in 1950 for the Korean War. During this brief closure the was born. The hospital closed for good in 1957, but the Naval Laboratory (then known as ) remained. In 1962, 94 acre in the north were given to the state of California, and on that site was established the California Rehabilitation Center, the first state-funded addiction treatment program in the nation. This voluntary program &ndash; those with substance use disorder had a choice of prison or CRC &ndash; moved into the old resort clubhouse, the northern wards, north wing, chapel, gymnasium, and nurses quarters. There was a battle of attitudes, correction versus rehabilitation, and correction won. The prison quickly moved from low security to high-medium security and 5,000 inmates resided within its walls.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>In 1995, the Navy released a study that concluded that no aspect of the Norconian resort era facilities qualified for National Register of Historic Places listing. The City of Norco responded by commissioning an independent study of the propertys historical significance. This study found that 19 structures, buildings, and features from the Norconians resort era were eligible for National Register listing. Subsequently, in 2000, these structures, buildings, and features were placed on the National Register as the Norconian Resort Historic District. The city-funded report did not include the propertys World War II and post-World War II histories, but recommended they be separately studied. In 2014, the Navy submitted its historic resources survey and evaluation of these two eras to California State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) Carol Rowland Nawi, and the SHPO issued her concurrence with the Navys report and findings. As it did in the late 1990s, the City of Norco has commissioned an independent survey and evaluation of the property&#39;s Naval Hospital and Naval RDT&E eras.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, a State of California study concluded that the main hotel building was not in compliance with current earthquake construction standards, and it was subsequently abandoned. Today, this 250,000 square foot Spanish Colonial Revival building sits behind twenty-foot-high chain link and concertina wire fences, crumbling from neglect. Inside, chandeliers, hand painted ceilings, Catalina tiled floors and walls, and other features are often exposed through holes in the roof. In 2014, the Lake Norconian Club Foundation filed a lawsuit to force the State of California to obey California law, which requires state agencies to maintain and protect historic buildings on their properties.</p><br>
<p>The Pullen Park Carousel is a classic wood carousel at Pullen Park in Raleigh, North Carolina. Built in 1900, the carousel contains 52 hand-carved basswood animals, 2 chariots , 18 large gilded mirrors and canvas panels and a Wurlitzer #125 band organ made in 1924 by the Rudolph Wurlitzer Company of North Tonawanda, New York.</p><br>
<p>The carousel underwent restoration from 1977 to 1982 during which time the original factory paint was uncovered, documented and conserved. Each hand-carved animal was restored to its exact Munsell Color System paint color preserving the original paint underneath a layer of shellac while enabling the animals to look just as they were originally painted. In 1976 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places and is a designated Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1887, Richard Stanhope Pullen donated 80 acre of land to the city of Raleigh for use as a public park. The carousel was originally located in Bloomsbury Park (in the area south of Crabtree Creek, west of Lassiter&#39;s Mill Road, and north of Scotland Street) and was moved to Pullen Park in 1921 when the City Board voted to replace the steam powered antique merry go round. Bloomsbury Park, an amusement park founded by Carolina Power & Light (CP&L), was apparently in financial trouble and Pullen Park was able to acquire the carousel for $1,425 - one tenth of its original cost. The carousel became a Pullen Park focal point and is now recognized as one of the foremost surviving works of the Pennsylvania Carousel Company, founded by Gustav Dentzel.</p><br>
<p>In 1860, Dentzel emigrated from Germany and set up a cabinet making shop in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. After the public&#39;s positive reaction to a merry go round he had built, Dentzel began constructing carousels full-time in 1876. From then until the closing of his factory in 1928, the company was the premier maker of carousels in the United States. The Pullen Park Carousel is one of 23 remaining historic Dentzel carousels still operating in North America.</p><br>
<p>The primary feature of the Pullen Park Carousel is a menagerie of 52 hand-carved wooden animals carved by Salvatore Cernigliaro who was known for elaborate and imaginative designs. The animals include horses, ostriches, cats, rabbits, pigs, a giraffe, a lion, a tiger, a reindeer, and a goat. The carousel is housed in a tent-like wooden-beamed shelter. The original music was produced by a Wurlitzer band organ. Since coming to Pullen Park, the carousel has been in almost continuous use. Replacements of several mechanical components have been made due to wear and tear, but the ride remains largely intact.</p><br>
<p>Jefferson Park is a 7 acre park in the Jefferson Park community area of Chicago, Illinois on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Jefferson Memorial Park is named in honor of the drafter of the Declaration of Independence and third president of the United States Thomas Jefferson. The park was long referred to as simply Jefferson Park until the park received the memorial park designation in 1999 to distinguish it from a second park of the same name. This Jefferson Park was the creation of the Jefferson Park District, one of 22 park commissions consolidated into the Chicago Park District in 1934. The Jefferson Park District was established in 1920 to provide neighborhood parks for the rapidly developing northwest side of Chicago. Located on the site of the former Esdohr farm, land acquisition for the park began in 1921 and continued through 1929 when most of the park had been landscaped.</p><br>
<p>In 1930, the park district constructed an athletic field and a fieldhouse designed by Clarence Hatzfeld whose architectural firm of Hatzfeld and Knox would later design many of the Prairie and Craftsman-style bungalows in the nearby Villa District by historic St. Wenceslaus Church. The brick fieldhouse is graced with several historic paintings, including an anonymous portrait of Thomas Jefferson, a depiction of a Viking ship replica by artist Emil Biorn, and Columbus Sighting Land by L. Caracciolo.</p><br>
<p>The Raleigh Water Tower is a historic building that was the first water tower built in Raleigh, North Carolina. Constructed in 1887, the City of Raleigh relied on the tower for 37 years until it was decommissioned in 1924. Formerly, the building was used as the headquarters for the North Carolina Chapter of the American Institute of Architects ., however it was recently sold to the law firm of Shirley & Adams. Shirley & Adams leased the tower out to be the headquarters for the franchise management company for Smithfields Chicken N BBQ while the firm of Gammon, Howard & Zeszotarski, PLLC occupy the former firehouse at the back of the property. The Raleigh Water Tower was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and is a Raleigh Historic Landmark. It is located in the Capitol Area Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before construction of the tower, most water in Raleigh came from private wells and cisterns. In the 1880s a municipal system was developed to address concerns of water quality. Water from Walnut Creek was drawn by a private company and was carried from a dam by pipes to a nearby pumping station. Water was forced by steam pumps through sand filters, and either into a reservoir on site or through pipes to the water tower downtown. A 100,000 gallon water tank sat on top of the octagonal tower. In addition, offices were housed in an attached two-story building and a stand-alone building behind the tower contained a maintenance shop.</p><br>
<p>By the beginning of the 20th century the water system was supplying the entire city, and the growing population of Raleigh increased the need for more water. In 1913, the city bought the facility and built a larger dam upstream, removing the one built in 1887. By 1924 the water tower had been abandoned and its tank removed. Raleigh architect William Henley Deitrick purchased the facility in 1938 and converted the aging tower into his architectural offices. He removed the nine 12x12 inch heart pine columns that once supported the tank and created four interior floors. He connected the tower to the rear building with a walled garden courtyard. Known by local architects as "The Tower," it became a gathering place for local architects and was the location where many buildings, such as Dorton Arena, were finalized. In 1963, the facility was deeded to the North Carolina chapter of the AIA with binding preservation covenants. The AIA renovated the site in the 1990s and will maintain the property as its state headquarters until their new headquarters is complete.</p><br>
<h2>New owners</h2><br>
<p>In early October 2010, the water tower was sold to the law firm of Shirley & Adams for $635,000. They temporarily occupied the small building to the rear of the property prior to the NC AIA moving to their new headquarters, located a few blocks away. Shirley & Adams have maintained the exterior appearance of the building in accordance with its historic landmark status.</p><br>
<p>In May 2012, Gammon, Howard & Zeszotarski, PLLC took up residence in the former firehouse behind the Water Tower. The firm focuses its practice on litigation, including state and federal criminal defense.</p><br>
<p>The tower was used as the headquarters for the franchise management company for Smithfields Chicken N Bar-B-Q - a local North Carolina staple.</p><br>
<p>In January 2019, Tower Escapes opened an escape room at the Raleigh Water Tower location. Two of the escape rooms are inside the tower.</p><br>
<p>The Poplar Hill Mansion is a historic USA mansion located at 117 Elizabeth Street, Salisbury, Maryland and is open to the public as a house museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Major Levin Handy purchased 357 acre of land outside of Salisbury in 1795 and began construction of this Federal-style building later that year. Due to lack of funds stemming from severe medical problems, Major Handy discontinued construction of the mansion and put it up for sale in 1803. In 1805, Dr. John D. Huston purchased the incomplete house and continued its construction. Sarah Huston, Dr. Huston&#39;s widow inherited the estate, which included eighteen enslaved people and $110. She sold some of the property for development in the late 1840s to early 1850s. In 1881, George Waller purchased the estate and his family lived there until 1945. In 1945, Fred A. Adkins purchased the property and renovated the house, modernizing it. In 1948, Mr. & Mrs. Ward A Garber purchased the estate. In 1970, Wicomico County purchased the estate and the mansion was placed in public trust in 1974 under the ownership of the City of Salisbury. In 1971, Poplar Hill Mansion was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Some of the architectural features of the mansion include:</p><br>
<p>Tall proportions</p><br>
<p>Bold gable-fronted facade</p><br>
<p>Large sash windows</p><br>
<p>Delicate & intricate Federal or neoclassical style woodwork</p><br>
<p>Finely detailed Palladian windows on the hall landing to the second floor & over the front door</p><br>
<h2>Ghost legend</h2><br>
<p>According to legend, a slave girl named Sara perished in the house after her dress caught on fire in the second floor rear bedroom during the Huston period. Since that time, there have been reports of a "consoling" spirit.</p><br>
<p>Meekers Hardware  is located at White Street and Patriot Drive in downtown Danbury, Connecticut, United States, near the citys train station and the Danbury Railway Museum, just outside the city&#39;s Main Street Historic District. It was built in 1883, opened in 1885 and remained in the Meeker family until 2013. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It was the only hardware store on the Register.</p><br>
<p>The Classical Revival exterior features a brick face with seven bays and a frieze at the top boasting a central pediment above its cornice. The name of the store is painted on both outside walls and displayed prominently in the front between the two stories. It is complemented by an interior that remains much as it did in the late 19th century. A vintage cash register is still in use. Tools and supplies are stocked in wooden shelves and compartments with thick, unfinished hardwood flooring beneath and high ceilings above, with ceiling fans to cool the building in the summertime.</p><br>
<p>On the northeast wall of the building there is a large advertisement for ten-cent Pepsi drinks, using the old logo. This was not just a decorative touch; the drink was available in the store in three-US-ounce (90 mL) plastic cups for that price. Originally the sign advertised Coca-Cola for five cents, which the store sold starting in 1983; it was a landmark to most visitors arriving at the nearby train station. The store switched to Pepsi and raised the price to ten cents in 2006 after the local Coca-Cola bottler told them they would have to install newer fountain equipment that would make the drinks unprofitable.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the hardware store closed. It remained vacant until Vazquez Soccerchamp Sports took over in 2016.</p><br>
<p>The Virginian Railway Passenger Station, also known as the Virginian Station is a former rail station listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the South Jefferson neighborhood of the independent city of Roanoke, Virginia, USA Located at the intersection of Jefferson Street SE  and Williamson Road, the Virginian Station served as a passenger station for the Virginian Railway between 1910 and 1956. The station was the only station constructed with brick along the entire length of the Virginian&#39;s 608 mi network. It was severely damaged by fire on January 29, 2001.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Standing at the division point between the New River Division and the Norfolk Division of the Virginian Railway, construction commenced on the Virginian Station in September 1909 and was complete by early 1910. Measuring 162 ft long by 32 ft wide, the station consists of a pair of one-story buildings, connected by a covered overhang and features a tile roof, a blond brick façade and terrazzo floors.</p><br>
<p>While overshadowed by the larger Norfolk & Western Railway, the Virginian station would serve passengers traveling between West Virginia and Norfolk through 1956 when passenger service was discontinued. By 1959, Virginian would merge with Norfolk & Western, and the former station would be leased out and subsequently operate as a feed and seed store.</p><br>
<p>By the late 1990s, the station was threatened with demolition to make way for an expansion of the Carilion bio-tech campus resulting in its placement on the Roanoke Valley Preservation Foundation&#39;s 2000 list of Most Endangered Sites. While operating as the Depot Country Store, on January 29, 2001, the former station suffered severe damage as a result of a fire. Despite the extensive damage, the station was cited for both its unique design and contribution to the railroad industry in Roanoke, and has been listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register since April 2003 and the National Register of Historic Places since June 2003.</p><br>
<p>In that year the Norfolk Southern Railway, the owner of the building, donated it to the Roanoke Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society, and that organization along with the Roanoke Valley Preservation Foundation began work on extensive renovations.</p><br>
<p>Phase I restoration was begun and completed in 2012. That involved removal of the substantial asbestos and lead contamination, stabilization of the building and replacement of the tile roof destroyed by the fire. Phase II was completed in 2016, and comprised completion of the interior including wiring and HVAC, along with parking, landscaping and restoration of the terrazzo floor. The building was completed and dedicated in November of 2016.</p><br>
<p>the station is being used as an event venue for weddings and banquets.</p><br>
